Bread-Making Quality Indices in Triticum aestivum Progenies. Implications in Breeding for Better Bread Wheat

Bread-making quality indices (dough strength and dough mixing stability) in relation to flour protein content, glutenin/gliadin ratio, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin have been investigated in Triticum aestivum progenies during a three year agronomic trial. Dough strength (W) proved to be a fairly stable characteristic, slightly but positively correlated with flour protein content. High could be associated with a high glutenin/gliadin ratio as well as with the presence of specific HMW. subunits of glutenin, while high protein content tended to favour a balanced dough tenacity-extensibility ratio (P/L = 0.4—0.6). Satisfactory values of dough-mixing stability were frequently observed in association with good expression of W showing that the two quality traits may coexist without much difficulty in the same genotype. From the plant breeding standpoint the data suggest feasible to obtain high dough strength by concentrating in a genotype the HMW subunits of glutenin known to have a beneficial effect on W. However, very high W may present unfavourable P/L ratios. This possibility is enhanced when the flour has a low protein content which often occurs in high yielding genotypes.     

茶多酚对生长猪机体维生素E状态、抗氧化性能及肉质的影响

日粮添加维生素E对降低动物脂质过氧化具有重要作用,可以改善动物肉品质及动物健康状况。本试验在日粮中添加不同水平的茶多酚,研究其对生长猪维生素E状态、血浆抗氧化性能及肉质的影响。选择240头平均体重为(31.24±0.48)kg的三元猪,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头猪。试验共设计3种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮中分别添加10和100 mg/kg茶多酚,试验共进行5周。结果显示:各处理组对生长猪试验初期和末期血浆总抗氧化力和铁还原力均无显著影响(P> 0.05),但对照组、10和100 mg/kg茶多酚添加组血浆试验末期铁还原力均显著高于试验初期(P <0.05)。日粮添加茶多酚对生长猪肝脏、肌肉、血浆α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量均无显著影响(P> 0.05),其中肝脏生育酚含量最高,之后依次是肌肉、肺和血浆。日粮添加10或100 mg/kg茶多酚,肺中α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量较对照组有提高趋势(P=0.09)。各组对生长猪肉质均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮添加100 mg/kg茶多酚较对照组提高了生长猪屠宰后48 h肌肉的滴水损失。综上所述:生长猪日粮添加茶多酚对组织维生素E水平、血浆抗氧化力及肌肉品质无显著改善作用。     

关中灌区粮食生产“两高一优”机械化模式

根据关中灌区自然经济条件，提出了一种新的机械化模式。经过９年实践表明，采用该模式，无论丰年、平年、灾年均可大幅度增产，能提高抵抗自然灾害的能力，使丰、灾年间产量波幅减小，更趋稳定。     

Anthropogenic effects on soil quality of ancient agricultural systems of the American Southwest

Soil studies of ancient agricultural fields contribute to research on long-term human–environmental relationships and land use sustainability. This kind of research is especially applicable in desert landscapes of the American Southwest because: (1) soil formation is slow enough that cultivation effects persist for centuries to millennia; (2) many ancient fields in valley margins have remained uncultivated since they were abandoned, so long-term soil properties reflect ancient agricultural use; and (3) agricultural features (e.g., terraces, rock alignments and rock piles, and irrigation canals) provide clues for identifying and sampling ancient cultivated and uncultivated soils. Surficial remnants of these field systems persist and remain intact in many cases. Soil studies of ancient and modern American Indian agricultural systems across the Southwest indicate that soil changes are highly variable, ranging from degradation (e.g., organic matter/nutrient decline, compaction), to minimal net change, to enhanced soil quality. Soil changes caused by cultivation can be inferred by comparing soils in agricultural fields relative to reference uncultivated areas in similar landscape settings (that is, space-for-time substitution). Soil response trajectories vary for a number of reasons, such as variability in initial ecosystem conditions, diversity in agricultural methods, variability in the mix of crops and cropping intensity, and environmental sensitivity to alteration (varying resistance and resilience). Studies of rock mulch soils indicate enhanced fertility, with elevated organic carbon, nitrogen, and available phosphorus levels, increased infiltration rates and moisture retention, and no evidence of compaction. By contrast, cultivation effects vary widely for terraced soils. Although numerous studies have focused on irrigation canals, irrigated soils have received far less attention. Soil studies of irrigation systems along the Gila and Santa Cruz rivers of Arizona now underway will help fill this research gap.     

ArcGIS Server支持下农产品质量安全追溯模型的实现

近年来农产品质量安全事件频繁发生,利用农产品质量安全追溯信息进行质量安全应急管理已成为处理农产品质量安全事件的重要手段,但是这些信息仅能以文本表格的形式表现出来,在地图服务端存在一定的限制。模型借助于ArcGISServer,把传统的质量安全追溯与GIS功能相结合,实现追溯信息在地理空间中的形象化展示,并可对地图服务任意进行配置。该模型不仅能够图形化地模拟出农产品在不同主体之间的流通路径,而且能在发生农产品质量安全事件时快速定位到责任主体。     

圆叶决明草粉替代不同比例精料喂兔效果研究

利用豆科牧草圆叶决明Chamaecrista routundifolia CPI34721草粉分别以10%,15%,20%不同比例替代精料进行肉兔喂养试验.试验结果表明:与对照相比较,在兔只平均日增重、饲料利用率方面,各处理与对照差异不显著.替代10%和15%精料处理可显著提高兔肉品质,替代20%精料的处理在经济效益方面最佳,可提高经济效益5.15%.     

干拌法橡胶粉改性沥青混合料高温稳定性的时间敏感性分析

利用干拌法制作橡胶粉改性沥青混合料,将搅拌好的沥青混合热料在搅拌锅中进行闷料处理,温度恒温在165℃,分别闷至0 min、15 min、30 min、45 min、60 min,用每个时间段的沥青混合料制成试验用的试件进行高温稳定性分析,结果表明,在闷料开始阶段,橡胶粉改性沥青混合料的稳定度随闷料时间的增加逐渐提高,当闷料时间为15 min左右时,混合料的稳定性达到最大值,随后,稳定性逐渐下降。     

基于耕地质量成果的上海市耕地占补平衡运行机制研究

在对我国耕地占补平衡问题分析的基础上,结合占补平衡耕地质量内涵和上海市耕地质量成果应用条件分析,构建以数量平衡为前提的耕地质量占补平衡运行机制。该机制框架包括耕地质量评估和监测机制、占补平衡指标储备机制、占补平衡指标跨区使用机制和占补平衡实施经济保障机制等4个方面,以为完善耕地占补平衡制度提供依据。     

商品有机肥对水稻生长、产量及稻米品质影响

以上海目前正在推广的商品有机肥为研究对象,以有机无机结合施肥的方式,围绕高产、优质、安全的生产目标,通过田间小区试验,表明在一定量的氮化肥条件下,增施商品有机肥对水稻有显著的增产作用。土壤肥力中等地区,水稻田以基施商品有机肥4500~6000 kg/hm2,再施氮化肥225~255 kg/hm2为宜,从而大幅度地降低氮化肥的用量;通过对稻米品质和土壤分析,明确了增施商品有机肥可提高稻米品质,改善土壤理化性状。     

饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对畜禽健康和产品品质的影响

现今人类膳食中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)大多都是过量的,但n-3 PUFA却严重不足.研究表明,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡对畜禽健康和产品品质有着重要意义,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡成为当下最受关注的问题.本文综述了n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡的营养生理作用以及对畜禽产品品质的影响及如何改善畜禽产品中的n-6/n-3 PUFA比例.