浅谈疲劳与保健

近年来,越来越多的人因为对更高的物质生活追求而承受着巨大的工作压力,从而忽视了健康.大多数人都处于亚健康的状态.从日常生活出发,分析了健康对人类的重要性,以期有助于处于亚健康的人群.     

浅谈疲劳与保健

近年来,越来越多的人因为对更高的物质生活追求而承受着巨大的工作压力,从而忽视了健康。大多数人都处于亚健康的状态。从日常生活出发,分析了健康对人类的重要性,以期有助于处于亚健康的人群。     

背负式喷雾喷粉机的现状及发展

作物病虫草害是农业生产的最大障碍,实施防治其危害的植保机械,是保证增产稳产的重要措施。植保机械使用技术严重落后的现状与高速发展的农药水平极不相称,已严重妨碍了农作物病虫草害的防治,带来了诸如农药有效利用率低、农产品中农药残留超标、环境污染、作物药害、操作者中毒等负面影响,造成了不应有的损失以及其他不良后果。为此,植保机械需从结构、配套产品、药水配制和用材等多方面进行改进,以推进植保技术发展。     

Susceptibility by amberjack (Seriola dumerili), yellowtail (S. quinqueradiata) and Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to Neobenedenia girellae (Monogenea) infection and their acquired protection

This study investigated: 1) susceptibility differences to infection by Neobenedenia girellae (Capsalidae) between amberjack Seriola dumerili (Carangidae), yellowtail S. quinqueradiata and Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Paralichthyidae); 2) growth and egg production of N. girellae on each fish species; 3) acquired protection of each fish species against this parasite. The number of N. girellae on S. dumerili was significantly higher than on S. quinqueradiata and P. olivaceus when these fishes were exposed to oncomiracidia in the same aquarium. Neobenedenia girellae growth on S. dumerili was fastest and, thus the number of eggs laid by parasites on S. dumerili was greater than on the other two species. Seriola dumerili and P. olivaceus, which were previously infected with N. girellae and treated by freshwater bath, acquired partial protection against re-infection by N. girellae. The relative re-infection of three S. dumerili individuals out of eleven individuals was markedly low compared with the initial infection, and the relative initial infection and re-infection on two P. olivaceus out of eleven individuals was markedly low. The results of this study could be useful to control N. girellae infections when cultivating S. dumerili, S. quinqueradiata and P. olivaceus.     

基于计算机视觉的雾滴尺寸检测系统的研究

雾滴的尺寸参数是评价植保机械性能的最主要质量指标。本文将计算机视觉技术和灰色系统理论运用于雾滴尺寸参数检测中。建立雾滴尺寸参数自动检测和优化系统。     

Immobilization antigen-independent protection of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against Philasterides dicentrarchi (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatia) infection

To determine whether olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) immunized with lysate of Philasterides dicentrarchi could be protected immobilization antigen (i-antigen) type independently, fish were immunized with lysate of ciliates obtained from in vitro cultures or ciliates obtained from infected fish. Fish immunized with ciliates obtained from infected fish were completely protected against artificial infection with in vitro cultured P. dicentrarchi, in spite of a weak or no serum agglutination activity against in vitro cultured ciliates. The present results indicate that i-antigen-independent protection was elicited by immunization of fish with the ciliates lysate, and the cultured ciliates would provide a good source for preparation of vaccines, which are cross-protective against various i-antigen types of P. dicentrarchi.     

Kernel vitreousness and protein content: Relationship,interaction and synergistic effects on durum wheat quality

Four sets of durum samples were used in this study to further understand the interrelationships among hard vitreous kernels (HVK), protein content, and pigment concentration, with a focus on the interaction and synergistic effects of protein content and vitreousness on durum quality. HVK level increases with higher protein content in the range of 9.5–12.5%, but this relationship is less evident in durum samples with high protein content (12.5–14.5%). Both protein content and kernel vitreousness can significantly affect durum milling quality. White starchy kernels (WSK) in low protein durum have a very detrimental impact on milling and pasta processing quality, but high protein content can mitigate the adverse impact of WSK on durum quality. Although protein content plays a dominant role, higher HVK might contribute positively to pasta firmness. There was no significant difference in yellow pigment content between HVK and WSK. However, pigment loss from semolina to dough was higher for WSK than HVK. Despite the difference in protein content, HVK and WSK have little difference in gluten strength. The monomeric protein was preferentially accumulated in HVK. The glutenin proteins of HVK and WSK were similar in the ratios of 1Bx/1By and HMW/LMW-GS.     

基于PWM变量喷雾的单喷头动态雾量分布均匀性实验

为研究PWM变量喷雾系统的动态雾量分布均匀性特点,以胭脂红溶液为喷雾试剂,在输送带上放置矩阵式集雾穴盘收集雾滴,采用浓度-吸光度法测量雾量沉积浓度,对单个喷头分别测试了不同PWM频率、PWM占空比和喷雾压力对总体区域、喷雾前进方向和喷杆方向上雾量分布均匀性的影响。研究发现,相较于喷杆方向,PWM频率对单喷头在喷雾前进方向上的雾量分布均匀性影响更大,某一速度条件下PWM频率的最小值应至少保证喷雾的连续性,且无需过大,从而保证电磁阀的使用寿命;当PWM占空比增大到一定值使喷雾流量基本稳定时,PWM占空比的继续增大可同时提高单喷头在喷雾前进方向和喷杆方向上的雾量分布均匀性,而在PWM占空比增大到该定值之前,仅对喷雾前进方向上的雾量分布有明显影响;在雾化效果较好的前提下,喷雾压力对单喷头在喷雾前进方向和喷杆方向上的雾量分布均匀性均有较大影响,且影响效果相反,主要因为随着喷雾压力的增大,雾量更多地向喷杆方向上的两侧和喷雾前进方向上的中间聚集。     

臭氧化葵花油对甜瓜根结线虫的防治效果研究

臭氧化葵花油(Oleozon)良好的稳定性与极强的氧化性,可有效杀死土壤中的病原微生物。为验证Oleozon在防治根结线虫中的应用前景,以食用葵花油为试验材料,采用体外试验研究了不同剂量Oleozon对根结线虫2龄幼虫的致死率及其对虫卵孵化率的影响;进而通过盆栽试验,验证了不同剂量Oleozon对甜瓜根结线虫的防治效果。结果表明:Oleozon对二龄幼虫具有较好的杀灭作用,最低剂量Oleozon(0.5 g/L)对二龄幼虫的杀灭效果优于饱和臭氧水,当其浓度高于2 g/L时,其对二龄幼虫的杀灭效果较50%辛硫磷1000倍液更为显著。此外,Oleozon对于卵囊中虫卵和游离虫卵孵化的抑制效果与其浓度正相关,当Oleozon浓度高于5 g/L时,其对于卵囊中虫卵的抑制率可达60%以上,而不同浓度Oleozon处理后其对游离虫卵的抑制率达到了51.1%~96.8%,而50%辛硫磷对二者的抑制率分别为28.9%和57.4%,臭氧水对二者的抑制率仅为14.3%和33.1%。盆栽试验结果显示:Oleozon可显著降低根结线虫的发病,其中,5 g/L及10 g/L的Oleozon的防效最为显著(分别为79.2%和88.7%),而对照药剂的防效分别为18.9%和50.9%;此外,Oleozon处理后甜瓜的根结数、二龄幼虫数量及虫卵数量显著降低,且根系发育状况较好,说明施用Oleozon能够有效防治根结线虫对甜瓜的危害。     

干旱胁迫对蒲公英渗透调节物质、酶保护系统及质膜水孔蛋白PIP2-3基因表达的影响

为了揭示蒲公英在干旱胁迫下渗透调节和酶保护系统的作用机理以及质膜水孔蛋白PIP2-3基因的表达特征,采用盆栽控水试验,研究了不同干旱胁迫RWC=(90±5)%、RWC=(75±5)%、RWC=(50±5)%下蒲公英渗透调节物质、酶保护系统以及质膜水孔蛋白基因的相关表达。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加重,蒲公英叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸的含量显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性显著提高,在轻度胁迫(MS)中呈持续上升的趋势,重度胁迫(SS)中则呈现先升高后下降的趋势(可溶性糖除外);质膜水孔蛋白PIP2-3基因的相对表达量上调,轻度胁迫(MS)显著高于重度胁迫(SS)。复水7 d后,渗透调节物质的积累以及SOD的含量下降,但仍显著高于CK,POD、CAT的含量以及质膜水孔蛋白PIP2-3基因的相对表达量恢复正常,说明在干旱胁迫条件下蒲公英通过增加渗透调节物质的积累,提高酶保护系统的活性来增强植株的抗逆性,上调质膜水孔蛋白基因的相对表达量来加强水分运输能力。