萌发期和幼苗期甜瓜品种耐盐碱性评价

【目的】检测不同甜瓜品种萌发期和幼苗期对盐碱胁迫的响应,筛选出适宜在盐碱土壤种植的甜瓜品种,从而为甜瓜抗逆栽培和抗性育种提供依据。【方法】以50mmol/L的混合盐碱溶液(NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、Na2CO3物质的量比为9∶1∶1∶9,pH=10.80)模拟典型盐碱胁迫环境,萌发期在人工气候箱中用盐碱溶液或蒸馏水(CK)培养不同品种甜瓜种子,7d时测定发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长、胚根鲜质量、丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量;对5叶1心的甜瓜幼苗以盐碱溶液胁迫处理7d后,测定甜瓜幼苗的地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量、主根长、叶面积和叶绿素含量等指标。通过方差、主成分分析对20个甜瓜品种萌发期和苗期的耐盐碱性进行综合评定。【结果】盐碱胁迫下,萌发期甜瓜种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长、胚根鲜质量均明显下降,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量升高;幼苗期地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量、主根长、叶面积和叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势。通过综合评价可知,不同甜瓜品种在不同生育期耐盐碱性存在差异,将20个甜瓜品种按耐盐碱性强弱分为3大类。【结论】综合不同生育期评价结果,筛选出相对稳定的耐盐碱品种有"凌甜一号"、"白香蜜"、"陕甜一号"和"金辉一号",相对稳定的盐碱敏感品种有"凌甜四号"与"一品天下208",相对稳定的中等耐盐碱品种有"陕甜三号"、"雪莲"、"白玉香"、"贵妃雪蜜"、"瑞雪新早蜜"和"景甜208"。     

引诱剂对柑桔小实蝇、瓜实蝇诱捕效果试验

用引诱剂甲基丁香酚、4-(P-醋酸基-苯基)2-丁酮(简称Cuelure)与这两种药的混合剂(简称Islon)对柑桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇(雄虫)进行诱捕试验,结果表明,国产与日本产的这两种引诱剂的效果无明显差异,日产的甲基丁香酚药效持久性稍长于国产的;cuelure与Islon对瓜实蝇的诱捕效果无明显差异;甲基丁香酚对柑秸小实蝇的诱捕效果稍高于Islon剂。推荐用Islon作检疫或监测实蝇的引诱剂。本文还对柑桔小实蝇和瓜实蝇的虫口变动与寄主之间的关系进行了观察。     

留瓜数量对日光温室越冬薄皮甜瓜产量和 效益的影响

摘要：为延长日光温室薄皮甜瓜采收期,提高产量和效益,以薄皮甜瓜“永甜十一”为试材,设置1茬留 8个瓜和留9个瓜的试验处理,以常规栽培1茬留4个瓜为对照,研究不同留瓜方式对前2批甜瓜综合性状、产量 以及长势、总产量和收入等影响。结果表明：相对于常规栽培,薄皮甜瓜日光温室越冬栽培1茬留9个瓜处理 的全生育期延长55 d,667 m2 总产量增加1 832.18 kg,667 m2 总收入增加23 746元,在辽宁地区日光温室薄皮甜 瓜生产中值得应用推广。     

喷施不同浓度有机硅肥对热带地区甜瓜产量和品质的影响

[目的]探讨有机硅肥在热带设施甜瓜上的施用效果,为热带设施甜瓜合理使用有机硅肥提供实践依据.[方法]开展大棚试验,按喷施有机硅肥浓度水平组合设4个处理,分别为伸蔓期稀释倍数为1000倍,其他时期800倍(T1);伸蔓期稀释倍数为800倍,其他时期600倍(T2);伸蔓期稀释倍数为700倍,其他时期400倍(T3);伸蔓期稀释倍数为600倍,其他时期300倍(T4);以清水为对照(CK),研究不同浓度喷施对热带设施甜瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响.[结果]喷施有机硅肥的T2、T3处理甜瓜株高显著高于其他处理(P＜0.05,下同);各处理甜瓜茎粗差异不显著(P＞0.05,下同);相比处理,喷施有机硅肥处理的甜瓜叶面积、叶片SPAD值和果实纵横径均显著增加,收获时间可提前1～2d;随着浓度的增加,产量呈增加趋势,较CK分别增产9.95％、23.70％、24.45％和26.20％.其中产量最高的处理为伸蔓期喷施600倍液,其他时期300倍液的处理(29.50 t/ha).[结论]喷施有机硅肥可提高甜瓜产量和品质,建议使用叶面喷施有机硅肥的稀释倍数为伸蔓期600倍、其他时期300倍.     

甜瓜白粉病抗性基因Pm-2F的遗传特性及与其紧密连锁的特异片段

在明确瓜类白粉病生理小种的基础上,以感白粉病新疆哈密瓜〔Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo. convar. ameri (Pang.) Greb.〕来源的自交系K7-2和抗白粉病日本网纹甜瓜〔Cucumis melo L. ssp. melo.convar. cantalupa (Pang.) Greb.〕来源的自交系K7-1为亲本及其F2S6群体为试材,对甜瓜白粉病抗性遗传机制和紧密连锁标记进行深入研究。群体遗传分析表明K7-1对白粉病Podosphaera xanthii （DC.）VP Gelyuta生理小种2F的抗性受一对显性基因Pm-2F控制。同时采用SSR分析技术发现,抗病特异片段CMBR120-172、CMBR8_-98与Pm-2F紧密连锁,连锁距离分别为1 cM和3 cM。抗病特异片段CMBR120_-172在120份甜瓜种质资源材料验证中符合率达87.5%。     

Peat in the inoculation medium induces fusarium susceptibility in melons

The effect of peat moss on fusarium wilt of melon ( Cucumis melo L.) was studied in order to improve the selection process of resistant melons during breeding programmes. Disease symptoms were evident earlier and disease progress was faster in seedlings that were transplanted to peat following inoculation than in those transplanted to sand. The resistant breeding line used as a control did not show any wilt symptoms in either medium. Mixing the peat with sand or perlite reduced the disease development rate and the final disease incidence. The effects of peat and sand on disease progress were evaluated with two segregating melon populations in which the expected susceptible : resistant ratio was 25 : 75. In both populations, disease incidence was higher in the peat, which enables breeders to identify resistant plants and to lower the risk of using escapees as resistant plants. The mechanism of disease enhancement may include both biotic and abiotic components. There is an indication that peat induces plant susceptibility before inoculation. Melon seedlings germinated in peat and transplanted into sand exhibited significantly greater wilt incidence than those that germinated in sand and were transplanted into sand following the inoculation. Disease progress in sterile peat was significantly slower than that in non-sterile peat, which suggests the possible involvement of microbial activity.     

风味苦瓜食品的研制

探讨了苦瓜切片脱苦和护色的工艺条件,制备了不同风味的苦瓜食品。结果表明,苦瓜切片在质量分数为10%的NaCl,在温度80℃溶液中漂烫0.5min,再在pH值为6、质量浓度为0.2mg/mL的醋酸锌溶液中浸泡20min,经过调配得到4种风味口感俱佳的即食苦瓜食品。     

甜瓜种质资源若干果实数量性状差异研究及分级探讨

利用152份甜瓜资源的6个主要果实数量性状,分析各性状品种间差异,参照国际植物新品种保护联盟(UPOV)标准,对我国甜瓜品种资源进行了果实数量性状分级探讨并拟定标准品种.结果表明,各性状品种间差异均在24.4;(果实横径)以上,最高达到57.5;(果脐大小);按1、3、5、7、9代码分为5级,其中,果皮厚度、果实沟间宽度、果脐大小和果肉厚度省略了极端级代码,确定分级评价指标,每一性状在不同级别拟定标准品种并用具体数值进行描述,对甜瓜品种果实数量性状分级描述提供科学依据.     

裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本雄花不育产生的原因

2000年－2004年,在甘肃河西走廊的酒泉市布置田间试验,研究了生理和遗传因素、密度、温度对裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本经历一段雄性不育期的影响。结果表明：裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本雄花开放后经历4~9d的不育雄花期才能开放正常雄花,这是一种自身的生理遗传特征;密度对小瓜型父本雄花不育程度有影响,密度越大雄花不育时间越长,单株产生的无效雄花数越多。25cm×90cm密度条件下不育雄花经历11d,比35cm×90cm、40cm×90cm分别长1d和2d,25cm株距单株平均不育雄花数为8.7个,比35cm、40cm株距分别多1.3个和2.2个,40cm×90cm为理想播种密度;从父本播种到有效雄花开放这一时段温度越高,无效雄花开放的时间越短,较低温度条件下,单株不育雄花数量增加,不育雄花开放经历时间增加。裸仁南瓜小瓜型父本经历一段雄性不育期除自身的生理遗传特征外,密度、雄花开放前温度也是重要的影响因素。     

Occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Race 1 in Japan

In 1994, Fusarium wilt of melon cultivars which are resistant to races 0 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis was observed in southern area of the Lake Biwa region, Shiga prefecture. In commercial fields, mature plants of cv. Amus which were grafted onto cv. Enken Daigi 2, and of cv. FR Amus showed yellowing, wilting and finally death before harvesting of fruits. Diseased plants had vascular and root discolorations, and their stem sections yielded typical colonies of F. oxysporum. When the Shiga strains were tested for their pathogenicity to 12 species of cucurbits, they caused wilts only on melon. Using race differential cultivars of melon, the Shiga strains were classified as race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, which has not been reported in Japan. To further characterize their pathogenicity, the strains were used to inoculate 46 additional cultivars of melon, oriental melon and oriental pickling melon. All the race 1 strains were pathogenic to the cultivars tested, and their host range was apparently different from those of strains belonging to other races (races 0, 2 and 1,2y). DNA fingerprinting with a repetitive DNA sequence, FOLR3, differentiated race 1 strains from strains of races 0 and 2, but not from race 1,2y strains. Received 2 July 1999/ Accepted in revised form 30 September 1999