3种盐胁迫对蓟幼苗生长及生理生化的影响

采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度(0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%)的NaCl、Na_2SO_4、Na_2CO_3对蓟(Cirsium japonicum)幼苗苗高、叶片相对含水量、丙二醛(MDA)、抗氧化酶(POD、SOD、CAT)以及渗透调节物质(可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸)的影响。结果表明,除0.1%NaCl处理蓟苗高和叶片相对含水量高于无盐胁迫(CK)外,其余处理均低于CK,且随盐浓度增加而降低,其中,0.3%NaCl、0.4%Na_2SO_4和0.1%Na_2CO_3处理下苗高依次为CK的62.15%、58.00%和45.77%,而0.5%Na_2CO_3处理幼苗死亡;随盐处理浓度增加和处理时间延长,叶片中丙二醛含量均呈上升趋势;POD、SOD、CAT活性随盐浓度、时间变化的趋势不尽一致,3种酶活性均出现了阈值,POD出现在0.3%NaCl、0.3%Na_2SO_4、0.4%Na_2CO_3胁迫5d,SOD出现在0.3%NaCl处理3d、0.5%Na_2SO_4处理1d、0.4%Na_2CO_3处理3d,CAT出现在0.3%NaCl、0.2%Na_2SO_4、0.1%Na_2CO_3胁迫3d;相同处理时间下,随盐浓度的增加,除NaCl胁迫下游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量先增后减外,Na_2SO_4和Na_2CO_3胁迫下游离脯氨酸含量,以及3种盐胁迫下可溶性糖(SS)含量均逐渐增加。综上认为,蓟对NaCl、Na_2SO_4、Na2CO4这3种盐均具有一定的耐性,可以在低于0.3%NaCl、0.4%Na_2SO_4和0.1%Na_2CO_3条件下生存和生长。     

人工模拟高温环境下白三叶草相对生理指标测定

研究了高温胁迫条件下白三叶叶片相对含水量、膜透性、脯氨酸含量和叶绿素含量的变化规律。结果表明:25~35℃处理0.5 h后,白三叶的膜透性、脯氨酸含量逐渐上升,相对含水量、叶绿素含量逐渐下降,但幅度不大;45℃以上高温处理后,以上生理指标均有显著性大幅度的变化。与CK比较,温度每升高5℃,白三叶细胞质膜透性、脯氨酸含量平均增加50.62%、59.89%,而相对含水量、叶绿素含量分别下降34.22%、4.61%。在实验条件下,白三叶能适应35℃的高温,40~45℃为其忍耐高温的临界温度范围,50℃为致死温度上限。     

Effects of chilled drinking water on the performance of lactating sows and their litters during high ambient temperatures under farm conditions

Heat stress has detrimental effects on lactating sows and their litters, including decreased feed intake and milk production in sows and decreased weight gain in their offspring. It also increases respiration rate, rectal temperature, and weaning to estrus interval in sows. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chilled water (CW) on the performance of lactating sows and their litters exposed to high ambient temperatures for 21 days. Ninety multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; parity range: 2 to 5) and their litters (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc) were divided into 3 blocks (30 each). Sows and their litters within each block were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups (n = 10 each). Each group was provided with drinking water at 10, 15, or 22 °C (control) under farm conditions where ambient temperature above 25 °C was consistent during the experimental period. Sows on CW (both 10 and 15 °C) consumed more feed and water than did control (P < 0.01) and higher estimated milk production compared with control (P < 0.01), but had lower rectal temperature and respiration rate compared with control (P < 0.01). Mean weaning weight (P < 0.01) and average daily gain (P < 0.01) of litters in CW groups were higher than those in control group. There were no differences in the measured variables, with the exception of the respiration rates, between the two CW treatment groups. These results suggest that CW may improve the performance of sows and their litters exposed to high ambient temperatures and the 15 °C water, from an energy viewpoint, may be more effective.     

高海拔地区鸡胚发育关键因素研究

对藏鸡(T)、饲养在北京的藏鸡(TB)、矮小隐性白(D)、农大小型蛋鸡商品代种蛋(M)、寿光鸡(S)、藏鸡×矮小隐性白(TD)、藏鸡×寿光鸡(TS)7组种蛋在西藏林芝进行孵化研究,通过阶段死亡率、出雏率、失水率数据分析了影响高海拔地区胚胎发育的关键因素。结果表明胚胎本身的高原生活力是鸡蛋高海拔孵化主要因素,其次是蛋壳传导力。     

河西半荒漠驴驴蒿草原土壤水盐动态及其对牧草生长的影响

对驴驴蒿草原三个草地型(驴驴蒿型,驴驴蒿—红砂型,驴驴蒿+珍珠型)的土壤水盐动态及其与牧草产量的关系进行了研究。结果表明:土壤水分变化受雨量的影响具有阶段性。随着土壤深度的增加,土壤含水量随时间的变化而变小。土壤各层内,春季含水量相近,并呈下降趋势,夏季变化大,秋冬则随土壤深度增加而增加,趋向稳定。盐分随水分而移动,其含量基本上随土壤深度的增加而增加。牧草产量的变化与土壤水分的变化具有“一致性”。在驴驴蒿型和驴驴蒿—红砂型中,驴驴蒿的绝对生长量与0～40cm内各土层的含水量呈显著的正相关,并建立了产量预测模型。     

Force plate analysis before and after dorsal decompression for treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs

OBJECTIVE: Using force plate analysis (FPA), determine ground reaction forces in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLS) and evaluate the effects of lumbosacral decompressive surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Twelve dogs with DLS. METHODS: DLS was diagnosed by clinical signs, radiography, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. FPA was performed before surgery, and 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. The mean peak braking (Fy+), peak propulsive (Fy-), and peak vertical (Fz+) forces of 8 consecutive strides were determined. The ratio between the total Fy- of the pelvic limbs and the total Fy- of the thoracic limbs (P/TFy-), reflecting the distribution of Fy-, was analyzed to evaluate any changes in locomotion pattern postoperatively. Ground reaction force data for DLS dogs were compared with data derived from 24 healthy dogs (control). RESULTS: In dogs with DLS, the propulsive forces (Fy-) of the pelvic limbs were significantly smaller than those of controls. P/TFy- was significantly smaller in dogs with DLS than in control dogs, and increased during the follow-up period, reaching normal values 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cauda equina compression in dogs with DLS decreases the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs and surgical treatment restores the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs in a 6-month period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs with DLS, FPA is an effective method in evaluating the response to surgical treatment. Normal propulsive force in the pelvic limbs was restored during 6 months after decompressive surgery.     

生物措施水土保持机理综述

植被能有效控制水土流失,被公认为水土保持最有效最根本的方法,因此水土流失区植被的恢复和建造成为水土保持工作的中心之一。通过对大量研究进行总结,进一步从机理上分析了植被对水土保持的作用,主要包括植被冠层对降雨的截留及对降雨侵蚀动能的影响,地表枯枝落叶层的水土保持作用和地下根系提高土壤抗冲性等。     

Evaluation of ground grain versus pre- and post-pellet whole grain additions to poultry diets via a response surface design

1. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of pre- and post-pellet whole grain wheat additions to diets on growth performance, gizzard and pancreas development, nutrient utilisation and starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients in broiler chickens via an equilateral triangle response surface design.

2. The three apical treatments of the equilateral triangle comprised (1A) a standard diet containing 600 g/kg ground wheat, (2B) the same diet containing 600 g/kg pre-pellet whole wheat and (3C) the same diet containing 300 g/kg ground wheat and 300 g/kg post-pellet whole wheat. Seven blends of the three apical diets were located within the triangle to complete the design and a total of 360 male Ross 308 chicks were offered the ten experimental diets from 7 to 28 d post-hatch. Model prediction and response surface plots were generated with R 3.0.3 software.

3. The most efficient FCR of 1.466 was observed in birds offered an almost equal mixture of the pre- and post-pellet whole grain apical dietary treatments, which corresponded to 172 g/kg ground grain, 256 g/kg pre-pellet whole grain, 172 g/kg post-pellet whole grain in a diet containing 600 g/kg wheat.

4. The most efficient energy utilisation (ME:GE ratio of 0.766) was observed in birds offered a blend of the ground grain and pre-pellet whole grain apical dietary treatments which corresponded to a mixture of 384 g/kg pre-pellet whole grain and 216 g/kg ground grain.

5. Pre-pellet whole grain feeding generated the most pronounced responses in increased relative gizzard contents, reduced gizzard pH and increased relative pancreas weights. Consideration is given to the likely differences between pre- and post-pellet whole grain feeding.     

干旱胁迫和施氮对结缕草种群特征和生理特性的影响

分析了氮、水分与上海结缕草(Zoysia japonica cv. Shanghai)生长之间的相互关系,为上海结缕草草坪科学施肥和灌溉提供依据。试验选择干旱胁迫和施氮2个因素,各设置3个水平,结果表明:轻度干旱胁迫+中氮组合处理的草坪品质非常好,草坪密度和地上生物量高于或接近无干旱胁迫+中氮组合处理,且显著好于轻度干旱胁迫的其他处理和重度干旱胁迫的全部处理(P0.05);高氮处理的结缕草株高在同一干旱水平中均明显高于其他处理(P0.05)。在相同干旱胁迫下,施氮后第19天,结缕草叶片的相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量均随施氮量的增加而呈现升高的趋势;与此相反,施氮后第41天时,则呈现出随施氮量的增加而降低的趋势;随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,叶片丙二醛含量呈现增加的趋势。研究结果表明,适度的干旱胁迫和适量的氮肥有助于维持上海结缕草较好的坪用品质。     

不同水域中水葫芦对铅、镉、铬、汞的富集规律研究

试验主要研究不同水域的水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)对铅、镉、铬、汞的吸收规律。采集浙江金华、绍兴等地8处不同水域的水葫芦样品及水样,采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定该4种重金属含量。结果表明:水污染严重区域,水葫芦中重金属含量较高。被调查地区水中铅、镉含量显著高于铬及汞含量(P0.05)。水葫芦根中各重金属含量总体高于茎叶,茎叶中镉的含量显著低于铬的含量(P0.05),而根中镉含量也低于铬但差异不显著(P0.05)。在试验条件下,随着水中铅、镉含量的增加,根与茎叶中相应金属含量有上升趋势。