福州沙滩公园植物群落与绿量相关性分析

通过样方调查将福州沙滩公园木本植物群落划分为8种类型,应用生态学方法计算24个群落的特征值和群落三维绿量,通过逐步回归分析各群落特征值与群落三维绿量的关系,确定影响群落三维绿量的主要因素。结果表明,群落乔木层平均冠高、优势种平均树高、乔木层平均胸径和Shannon-Winner多样性指数是影响三维绿量的主要因子。另外,公园中的8种人工群落乔灌层结构不尽合理,层次不够明显,公园绿化的植物种类较单一,物种丰富度较低。     

国家级茶树良种的烘青及炒青绿茶适制性探讨

为筛选适宜制作烘、炒青绿茶的茶树品种,试验分析了‘翠峰’、‘迎霜’、‘舒茶早’、‘凫早二号’和‘祁门槠叶种’等5个国家级良种烘、炒青绿茶的适制性。结果显示：（1）呈味物质含量在5个品种之间存在显著性差异;其中,‘祁门槠叶种’和‘凫早二号’的咖啡碱含量较高,但‘凫早二号’烘青绿茶滋味醇厚,且香气突出;‘迎霜’品种有着较高的酚氨比和酚碱比,其加工为炒青绿茶后,滋味醇厚较爽,且香气较好;‘舒茶早’品种的茶多酚和水浸出物含量较低,虽然其烘青滋味较好,但香气不佳;5 个茶树品种中,烘、炒青绿茶适制性最好的是‘翠峰’品种;（2）本试验分析得出了呈味物质与审评得分的相关性,为今后茶树品种的适制性研究提供一定的经验。     

移栽前控水与生根粉处理对烟苗素质与还苗期生理特性的影响

培育壮苗是优质烤烟生产的重要保证,中国当前普遍采用的烟草漂浮育苗技术存在诸多弊端,为对其进行改进,以‘湘烟3号’为材料,研究了移栽前控水与生根粉处理对烤烟烟苗素质和还苗期生理特性的影响。结果表明：（1）控水处理对烟苗素质影响较小,生根粉处理与控水+生根粉处理对烟苗素质有显著影响,主要表现为株高下降、茎秆变粗、物质积累量增加。（2）移栽前控水与生根粉处理均可提高烟苗叶绿素含量与根系活力,以控水+生根粉处理效果最优,生根粉处理次之,控水处理最差。（3）各处理均可提高烟苗硝酸还原酶与转化酶活性,降低烟苗丙二醛含量,效果以控水+生根粉处理最好,生根粉处理效果次之,控水处理再次;同时可见,移栽前10天处理的效果优于移栽前5天处理。综合来看,移栽前10天控水+生根粉处理对改善烟苗素质与还苗期生理特性的效果最好。     

农牧业机械绿色设计应用和发展趋势

农牧业机械在农牧业生产中发挥着极其重要的作用,将绿色设计概念融入到农牧业机械设备中是未来发展趋势。在简要分析目前农牧业存在问题的基础上,介绍了农牧业机械设计要求,以及绿色设计在农牧业中的运用,对农牧业机械绿色设计的主要内容进行了详细的论述,指出绿色设计是农牧业机械发展的必然趋势。     

海河流域作物水足迹研究

基于水足迹理论,利用海河流域8个省(市、自治区)气象及农业基础数据,计算了海河流域主要作物的虚拟水量和作物水足迹值,并对流域作物水足迹的空间格局进行了分析。结果表明,同一种作物不同地区的虚拟水量均匀分布;各市作物水足迹有由南向北逐渐增大的趋势。德州、保定、聊城等地的蓝水比例最高,均达到了50%以上,土壤水利用率较低;晋中、长治、阳泉和朝阳市的绿水足迹达到了总水足迹值的90%以上。流域内小麦的蓝水足迹占总水足迹比例最大,各省(市、自治区)平均为74.6%,作物生长需要大量灌溉水;玉米、棉花、谷子、大豆和花生蓝水足迹比例较少,均在20%以下。河北省的蓝水足迹为114.97×108 m3,农业灌溉用水压力最大;内蒙古的蓝水比例最大,为67.59%;辽宁省和山西省的土壤水利用率较高。     

Biochar use in a legume–rice rotation system: effects on soil fertility and crop performance

The aim of this study was to determine whether by applying biochar, it is possible to augment the beneficial effects of legume–crop rotation systems on soil fertility and crop performance. Repeated experiments were established in 2012 and 2013 in South-western Benin using a split-split plot design. Two legumes, Mucuna pruriens (mucuna) and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), were planted for 42 days on biochar-amended and unamended plots and subsequently cut and applied as mulch 5 days before planting rice. Rice plants were either fertilized or not using a fertilizer rate of 60, 30, and 30 kg ha^?1 of N, P₂O₅, and K₂O, respectively. The results showed that the application of legume green manures and fertilizer, either singly or in combination, improved soil nutrient availability, CEC, shoot yield, and grain yield of rice on both biochar-amended and unamended plots. However, the effect was significantly (p < 0.05) greater on biochar-amended plots. The mean grain yield for all cropping seasons was 1.8 t ha^?1 for biochar-amended plots and 1.3 t ha^?1 for unamended plots. The greater grain yield of rice on biochar-amended plots was associated with improved soil fertility and increased N uptake.     

Different leguminous pre-crops increased yield of succeeding cereals in two consecutive years

Leguminous pre-crops are an important source of green manure in organic crop rotations for improving soil fertility and achieving high yields of cereals. We aimed to study the potential of various leguminous species, other than the traditionally cultivated red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), as green manure pre-crops for subsequent cereals. The use of different legume species enables to exploit advantages of specific legumes in organic cereal production. In order to test the legumes as pre-crops for cereals, we carried out trials located in the temperate climate zone of northeast Europe (58°44′59.41″ N, 26°24′54.02″ E). We sowed the following perennial legumes as pre-crops: red clover, alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.) and Washington lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.), biennial white sweet clover (Melilotus albus Medik.) and annual Alexandria clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) was used as a control. The leguminous pre-crops were followed by three spring cereals (barley, oat and spring wheat) and two winter cereals (rye and winter wheat). We tested the first-year after-effect (all cereals) and second-year after-effect (only barley and oat) of pre-crops on the grain yield of cereals. Perennial and biennial legume species produced the highest dry matter yield and contained the highest amount of nutrients, especially nitrogen, compared to annual species. All subsequent cereals produced significant extra yields after each leguminous pre-crop in the following two years, although the effect was smaller in the second year. The most suitable pre-crops for spring cereals were red and alsike clover followed by lupine, whereas the best pre-crops for winter cereals were sweet clover and annual clovers. Our results show the potential of various leguminous pre-crop species as valuable sources of green manure in organic crop rotation.     

新型鲜叶摊青机在绿茶加工中的应用研究?

本文探讨了一种新型鲜叶摊青机在绿茶生产上的应用效果。试验表明：采用摊青机摊放,鲜叶原料摊青保鲜时间可延长至12 h,甚至更长;鲜叶的失水条件和绿茶加工品质均优于传统自然摊放。此外,使用该设备与传统摊青方式相比,具有节省空间、摊青环境可控、自动上下鲜叶、便于连线等优点。     

古丈毛尖绿茶冷泡饮用方法初探?

自明代冲泡饮用法推行以来,一直提倡以开水现泡现饮为佳,但相比于液态茶或其他不含酒精的饮料,此法不能满足常温下随时饮用的便利化需求。为此,以古丈毛尖绿茶为泡饮对象,设计不同的浸泡时间、茶水比,在低温或常温下浸泡,通过感官结合生化鉴定筛选出最佳的浸泡组合,为优质、方便的冷泡饮茶法提供科学依据和技术参数。实验结果表明,古丈毛尖绿茶冷水泡饮的最优冲泡方法为：浸泡2 h—茶水比1：40—水温25℃。此外,与习惯的热泡法对比,更长时间的冷水浸泡使古丈毛尖绿茶茶汤品质成分逐渐浸出而在量上与前者差距不大,且其茶汤的鲜度与醇度也较好。因此,绿茶冷泡饮用是值得进一步研发推广的新方法。     

New insights into radiata pine seedling root infection by Fusarium circinatum

Pine root infection by Fusarium circinatum has been reported in the literature, but the underlying pathogenic interaction is poorly understood. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged F. circinatum isolate, together with confocal microscopy, was used in order to monitor the events associated with root infection of Pinus radiata seedlings. It was found that in order to reach and successfully infect pine roots, F. circinatum employed features that are similar to those previously described for other root‐infecting pathogens, such as mycelial strands, single runner hyphae and simple hyphopodia as well as other features that are reminiscent of those that are known to be involved in biotrophic invasion, such as bulbous invasive hyphae and filamentous invasive hyphae. Abundant sporulation was observed at the root surface as well as inside tracheids both in roots and in the root collar region. The fungus can spread from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant, and once there, colonization appears to be similar to the process that occurs when the pathogen is inoculated in the stem. Wilting symptoms and plant demise may be the result of a reduction in water uptake by roots and of the blockage of the vascular system by fungal hyphae and resin.