玉米套种指天椒高产栽培关键技术探讨

近年来,广西大力推广农作物间套种栽培技术,开创农业粮、钱双增收的新举措.文章针对当前玉米套种指天椒栽培技术存在的主要问题,提出高产栽培的几点关键技术.     

不同贮藏条件下孔雀石绿加标样品降解研究

为筛选出验证药物品种的适宜储存条件、运输条件,以及最大限度消除外部因素对检测结果的影响,并保证结果的公正性,开展了水产品中孔雀石绿残留检测质量控制技术研究。本研究采用鳕鱼和鲤鱼2种不同基质,分析了孔雀石绿在3种浓度（1.5、5、50 μg/kg）和3种贮藏条件（常温25℃,冷藏4℃和冷冻-18℃）下随时间的降解规律。实验结果表明不同基质下,不同浓度的孔雀石绿因贮藏条件的不同,均有不同程度的降解,且降解速率各有不同。鳕鱼在3个浓度水平下的降解情况一致,均为高浓度的降解速率＞中浓度的降解速率＞低浓度的降解速率。鲤鱼在常温条件下,降解速率表现为高浓度的降解速率＞中浓度的降解速率＞低浓度的降解速率;在冷藏和冷冻条件下,降解速率均表现为中浓度的降解速率＞低浓度的降解速率＞高浓度的降解速率。说明在不同贮藏条件对孔雀石绿加标样品的影响不同,受酶作用的影响,短时间保存孔雀石绿加标样品可以常温保存,便于尽快进行检测;如样品不能尽快安排检测(时间超过48 h),样品须用冷冻方法进行保存,这样有利于保存样品的原有属性,避免对检测结果造成影响。     

深圳城市绿地土壤孔隙状况与水分特征研究

为了了解深受人为活动强烈影响的城市绿地的土壤物理特性,为充分发挥其增进植物生长、涵养水源和保护城市生态环境等功能提供管理依据,以深圳城市绿地土壤为研究对象,调查分析了土壤容重、孔隙状况、土壤水分常数和水分入渗特征等物理特性。结果表明：深圳城市绿地土壤的容重较高,平均值为1.56 g/cm3。土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、通气孔隙度较小,平均值分别为41.06%、39.78%、1.27%。土壤水分入渗率变幅很大,土壤初始入渗率为0~8.47 mm/min,稳定入渗率为0~5.90 mm/min。城市公园绿地、道路绿地土壤的容重显著高于城郊菜地土壤,而土壤孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量显著低于城郊菜地土壤;表层0~10 cm的土壤容重、最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量显著低于10~20 cm土壤,土壤孔隙度显著高于10~20 cm土壤。城市绿地土壤容重与孔隙度、田间持水量、最大持水量、初始入渗率及稳定入渗率均呈显著的负相关。     

柳州市主城区河岸植被三维绿量及生态效益分析

通过对柳州市主城区河岸植被三维绿量及生态效益进行定量化研究,为城市河岸绿地景观生态环境建设提供一些科学依据与参考借鉴,为实现“自然-人类-水体”的可持续发展奠定理论基础。在逐株实测的基础上,运用绿量方程计算植被三维绿量,通过三维绿量能换算出植物产生的生态效益。结果表明：主城区河岸植被中提供绿量最大的是常绿乔木,占总量的78.76%;生态效益的产生仍以常绿乔木最为突出,在释氧固碳量方面,常绿乔木占总量的86.68%,在吸收SO2、夏季蒸腾、滞尘量方面,常绿乔木占总量的78.77%,而灌木和草本的绿量值及生态效益值则非常小。植物多样性、植物配置模式、植物养护管理等均为河岸植被三维绿量大小及生态效益产生的主要影响因素。     

尿素及EDTA-铁对延长结缕草青绿期的影响

为了研究结缕草青绿期短的问题,旨在延长结缕草草坪使用期,在盆钵试验条件下,采用双因素随机区组试验设计,研究不同尿素浓度(0、5、10、15 g/L)和不同EDTA-铁浓度(0、20、60、100 mg/L)对结缕草叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量的影响。在田间试验条件下,采用随机区组试验设计,研究不同施肥间隔（不施肥,每周施肥1次,每2周施肥1次,每3周施肥1次）对结缕草青绿期的影响。结果表明,最佳施肥浓度为尿素10 g/L、EDTA-铁60 mg/L。秋季叶面施肥1周1次,用量1 L/m2延绿的效果最佳,时间最长,比对照处理延长了14天。结缕草叶片电导率和根活力均弱于对照组,说明用以上浓度的尿素与EDTA-铁对结缕草进行处理,在一定程度上降低了结缕草的抗寒性。越冬后仍不能消除这种负面影响。因此,为在延长结缕草青绿期的同时,适当提高结缕草的抗寒性,可配合磷肥、钾肥的施加。     

京郊园林绿化废弃物数量测量与地区分布研究

为了加快北京市园林绿化废弃物资源化利用与布局,减少环境污染,实现资源的循环利用,在鹫峰实验林场国家森林公园、西山林场卧佛寺分场、延庆四海镇西沟里村、大兴林场,对北京市14种主要树种进行实地试验,估计乔木、灌木等生物量模型,进而测算北京市郊区园林绿化废弃物的数量。结果表明,北京市郊区园林绿化废弃物总量为406.395×104 t,主要分布在密云县、怀柔区、房山区、延庆县;按树种计算,乔木产生的园林绿化废弃物最多,经济林次之,疏林地和苗圃产生的废弃物较少;乔木产生园林绿化废弃物主要分布在延庆、大兴、怀柔,四旁树分布在顺义和房山,经济林则主要分布在密云县;影响园林绿化废弃物数量的主要因素有城市园林抚育修剪规则、林区抚育规则和采伐任务、自然灾害等。园林绿化废弃物数量的科学测量为后期布局消纳点提供了理论量,是进行园林绿化废弃物利用的起点。     

Effects of surfactants on primisulfuron activity in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis [L.] Beauv.)

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to measure the contact angle of primisulfuron droplets with and without surfactants on the leaf surfaces of barnyardgrass and green foxtail, to determine the primisulfuron activity on these weed species, and to examine the spray deposit of primisulfuron with and without surfactants on the leaf surface of green foxtail using scanning electron microscopy. A non-ionic surfactant (NIS) and an organosilicone wetting agent (OWA) were used. The contact angles of 1 μL droplets were measured on the leaf surface using a goniometer. The activity of primisulfuron on barnyardgrass and green foxtail was assessed at 3 weeks after treatment based on visual injury and the fresh weight. The contact angles of the droplets of primisulfuron on the adaxial surface of the barnyardgrass and green foxtail leaves were 152° and 127°, respectively, when applied without surfactant. The addition of either surfactant markedly reduced the contact angle for both weed species, which was lowest when the OWA was added to primisulfuron. The percentage injury of barnyardgrass was very low, even at the higher rate of primisulfuron, regardless of the surfactant. Primisulfuron at 40 g ha⁻¹ controlled 43% of green foxtail without surfactant, which increased to 65% with the NIS and 83% with the OWA. Primisulfuron with a surfactant markedly reduced the fresh weight of green foxtail compared with primisulfuron applied alone, regardless of the primisulfuron rate and surfactant type. The scanning electron micrographs showed a uniform deposit of spray droplets, with close contact of the droplets to the leaf epicuticular surface in green foxtail in the presence of a surfactant compared with no surfactant. The enhanced primisulfuron activity on green foxtail with surfactants was related to the reduced contact angle and uniform deposition of the primisulfuron spray droplets on the leaf surface.     

GFP与水稻条纹病毒病害特异蛋白的融合基因在sf9昆虫细胞中的表达

 用重叠延伸PCR(overlap Polymerase Chain Reaction,overlap-PCR)方法获得了含有绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescence protein,GFP)和水稻条纹病毒(Rice stripe virus,RSV)病害特异性蛋白SP(Disease-specific protein)两者的融合基因(GFP-SP),并将其克隆至载体pMD18-T,得到的重组质粒pMD18-T-GFP-SP经Xba Ⅰ/Hind Ⅲ双酶切后与经相同方法处理过的杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacHTb相连接构建成重组转移质粒pFastBacHTb-GFP-SP。酶切和测序鉴定证明了其序列的正确性并且无移码现象发生。将此质粒转化入含穿梭载体Bacmid的感受态细胞DH10Bac,得到含有目的基因片段的重组杆状病毒穿梭质粒rb-GFP-SP。以之转染草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda,sf9)细胞,24~48h后在显微镜200倍可见光视野下观察到被感染细胞发生了细胞和细胞核变大、细胞内颗粒物增多、细胞脱落甚至裂解等一系列与正常的st9昆虫细胞形态有明显区别的变化。荧光显微镜下可见部分细胞发出清晰的绿色荧光,且大部分荧光集中在细胞质部分。这些结果表明,GFP-SP融合蛋白在st9昆虫细胞内成功表达。     

侵染葫芦的黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒广西分离物分子鉴定

从广西南宁市郊温室大棚中的葫芦[Lagenaria siceraria(Molina)Stand.]上采集到一个表现脉绿、花叶症状的病毒样品,ELISA检测表明,该样品与黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)有密切的血清学关系,利用RT-PCR方法从样品中扩增获得约500bp的DNA片段,序列分析表明,该片段是CGMMV的外壳蛋白基因,暂将该病毒分离物定名为GX-BG。外壳蛋白基因核苷酸序列系统进化树分析表明,已报道的CGMMV主要分为3大群体,GX-BG与中国辽宁分离物(CGMMV-LN)分别属于不同的群体。     

Antibacterial activity in microalgae cultures

Five cultures of microalgae (Chlorella minutissima, Tetraselmis chui, Nannochloropsis sp., Arthrospira platensis and Isochrysis sp.) with no culturable bacteria were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of six Vibrio bacterial strains (V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. splendidus, V. scophthalmi, V. alginolyticus and V. lentus). The influence of light on the antibacterial activity of the microalgae was investigated. All microalgae cultures inhibited the growth of bacteria compared with the control treatments (P < 0.05), and their antibacterial activity was not influenced by the presence or absence of light. In the control groups, the numbers of bacteria increased exponentially during the experimental period in the absence of microalgae cells demonstrating that the bacterial cells were able to utilize the growth medium of microalgae cultures. The present results may explain the low levels or absence of Vibrio strains in microalgae cultures, and the positive effect of addition of microalgae in rearing of fish larvae, and implicate the production of antibacterial compounds by microalgae cells.