Sentinel lymph node mapping by near‐infrared fluorescence imaging and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in healthy dogs

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is a valuable and crucial diagnostic procedure in staging malignancies. We compared two non‐invasive techniques, near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), to identify the SLNs in three superficial anatomical regions in an animal model. Six healthy laboratory dogs were included in a proof‐of‐concept trial. A NIR fluorescent dye (Indocyanine Green) and microbubbles (Sonovue) were consecutively injected subdermally in the Inguinal, axillary and popliteal region to map the SLNs. Transcutaneous NIR fluorescence imaging identified SLNs in 17 out of a total of 18 occasions. CEUS identified SLNs in all regions (18/18). Whereas NIR fluorescence imaging performed better in the visualization of the afferent lymphatic tract, CEUS demonstrated different filling patterns of the SLNs, a feature potentially critical for the concept of SLN mapping in cancer patients. Both NIR fluorescence imaging and CEUS are safe, non‐invasive, practical and accurate methods to perform real‐time transcutaneous SLN mapping with potential in a clinical setting.     

嫩绿粘虫板对水稻稻飞虱成虫诱集监测效果

本文采用嫩绿粘虫板和灯光诱集2种方法对水稻稻飞虱成虫进行同地对比诱集监测。结果表明, 嫩绿粘虫板对3种飞虱总体、白背飞虱和褐飞虱诱集量与测报灯之间无显著差异, 其诱虫趋势与测报灯诱虫趋势基本同步或趋于一致。嫩绿粘虫板对水稻生长前中期白背飞虱迁入峰的监测优于测报灯, 表现为迁入高峰期诱虫量多和峰形明显。嫩绿粘虫板对灰飞虱诱虫量与测报灯诱虫量有明显差异, 诱虫峰次少于测报灯, 监测效果次于测报灯。气象因子、非靶标昆虫等对嫩绿粘虫板诱测无不利影响。运用嫩绿粘虫板可在非灯诱区监测点监测迁飞性白背飞虱。     

Collection of urban tree products by households in poorer residential areas of three South African towns

The high rates of urban in-migration and poverty common in many developing country towns potentially increases the reliance of urban populations on the direct benefits provided by trees. Yet understanding of the extent of such use and the sources of these tree products is limited. Here we report on the extent of use of urban tree products by 450 households in the poorer areas of three towns along a rainfall gradient based on household questionnaires. We considered the proportion of households making use of each of several tree products and the collection or purchasing frequency which we disaggregated by source of the product, including trees in homesteads, urban spaces, edges of towns and via purchase from traders. Most households (91%) used firewood, which was most frequently collected from the urban fringe or purchased, although one-third at times also collected firewood from trees on their home plot. All households used fruits, most commonly sourced through purchase (98%), but nearly half of whom also supplemented by harvesting fruits from their home plot. Other products used included wood for building, fencing and utensils, herbal medicines, planting material and mulch. Collection of products from urban homestead trees was highest amongst households in the informal settlements and least in the more established townships. Residents of new low-cost housing areas made extensive use of urban tree products harvested in urban spaces because they had fewer homestead trees than residents of informal areas or townships. Overall, urban residents made use of a wide array of tangible products from trees which they sourced from a variety of places, including their homestead plot. This urges that planning agencies ensure that homestead plot sizes or other urban spaces that provide tree products are large enough to support the direct needs of poorer urban residents.     

新疆主要农作物生产水足迹研究

农业是新疆水资源消耗最大的产业。本研究应用水足迹理论对新疆83个县市主要农作物的生产水足迹进行研究分析,比较不同作物之间生产水足迹的差异,探讨新疆农业生产水足迹在空间上的变化规律。研究结果表明,全疆2014年主要农作物生产水足迹总量为355.47×108m3,其中主要为蓝水足迹,所占比例高达91.31%;绿水足迹极低,所占比例仅为8.69%。7种主要作物生产水足迹由高到低分别是棉花,向日葵,小麦,水稻,玉米,苜蓿以及甜菜。水足迹空间分布在不同区域差异显著,南疆以及伊犁地区的生产水足迹总量相对较高,二者总量为243.46×108m3,东疆和北疆地区水足迹总量相对较低,二者总量为112.01×108m3,总体呈现出西南高东北低的分布趋势。     

小西葫芦绿斑驳花叶病毒生物学特性及传播方式

小西葫芦绿斑驳花叶病毒(Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus,ZGMMV)是我国新报道的侵染葫芦科作物的烟草花叶病毒属病毒.从感染病毒的葫芦叶片中分离出ZGMMV,摩擦接种西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)、葫芦(Lagenaria siceraria)、西葫芦(Cucurbit...     

芽孢杆菌绿色荧光蛋白标记及其在小麦体表定殖的初探

 将来自质粒pAD4412的启动子和绿色荧光蛋白基因gfpmut3a插入大肠杆菌-枯草芽孢杆菌穿梭载体pBE2,构建成芽孢杆菌表达载体pGF P4412,用其转化野生型生防芽孢杆菌83-6和A-47等8个菌株,均得到良好的发光表型。质粒稳定性实验表明重组质粒pG FP4412稳定性为92%。借助荧光显微镜对gfp标记的菌株A-47-gfp在小麦体表的定殖进行初步的研究。结果表明:A-47-gfp能够在小麦根际及小麦体表定殖(包括根表和茎叶表面);相对于在茎叶表面定殖的A-47-gf p在根表定殖的菌体与根的结合更为牢固;从根基到根尖A-47-gfp的定殖量有明显的减少趋势。     

保护农业生物多样性 建设集约化生态田园

农业集约化引发的农业生物多样性下降及农田系统生态功能失衡退化是农业绿色高质量可持续发展的重要威胁。破解集约化农田系统所存在的问题已成为国内外研究的热点,更是我国农业现代化能否如期实现的关键。本文从我国农业现代化的任务出发,结合农业生态科技发展趋势,从集约化农田系统生态功能减弱、生物多样性维持农田生态系统功能和集约化农田生物多样性保护意识欠缺三个方面分析了集约化农田生物多样性保护现状及存在的问题。针对目前集约化农田系统存在的不可持续的问题,提出了四点工作建议,旨在打造新阶段具有中国特色的集约化生态田园建设范式,向世界提供基于农业生物多样性保护的集约化农业可持续绿色发展的中国智慧和中国方案。     

施用豆科绿肥对砖红壤有效磷含量的影响

土壤缺磷是热带和亚热带地区作物生产的主要限制因子之一。本研究分析了14份热带、亚热带豆科绿肥施入土壤后对砖红壤有效磷含量影响的时间动态变化。结果表明,施用绿肥后不同时段能不同程度地提高土壤有效磷的含量,且施用绿肥后的土壤有效磷含量显著高于不施用绿肥土壤,其中木蓝（Magnolia lotungensis）对砖红壤有效磷含量增量变幅高达339%。此外,施用不同的绿肥对土壤有效磷含量的影响不同,但对土壤有效磷含量影响的基本规律一致。施用绿肥时砖红壤有效磷含量提高较大的最佳埋田时间为1个月。