中国大鲵养殖繁育技术的探讨

通过１９８７ ～１９９８ 年连续１２ 年对中国大鲵（ Ａｎｄｒｉａｓ ｄａｖｉｄｉａｎｕｓ） 进行养殖繁育技术的研究,取得一定的成果。养殖周年成活率达７５ ％ ～９０ ％ ,从１９８９ 年起至今已连续１０ 年产卵,从１９９１ 年起至今已连续８ 年人工孵化出大鲵幼苗。     

大熊猫保护区森林生态服务价值评估研究进展

为了实现大熊猫物种的有效保护,国家正在大力推进实施大熊猫国家公园体制。保护区作为大熊猫国家公园的核心地带,其森林生态系统健康稳定是大熊猫物种保护工作的重中之重。保护区森林生态服务价值的高低直接反映了大熊猫国家公园的保护成效。20世纪90年代以来,国内外学者针对森林生态服务功能开展了大量研究,但以"大熊猫保护区"为特定研究对象的研究尚显得不足,特别是大熊猫保护区特色化的森林生态服务功能计量体系和方法的选取需要开展更深入的讨论。梳理了生态服务价值评估框架的发展历程,总结了大熊猫保护区森林生态服务功能的评价指标,介绍了价值量评估方法在该领域中的应用情况,最后探讨了现有研究中存在的不足之处和未来可能改进的方向。     

光照对天蚕生长发育的影响

天蚕幼虫与茧(蛹)期,在温度25℃,相对湿度75%,幼虫体表与茧(蛹)层表面光照为130 lx的条件下,采用3种不同的光照时间,即16h(L)×8h(D)、12h(L)×12h(D)、8h(L)×16h(D),研究了光照对天蚕生长发育的影响。结果表明:12h(L)×12h(D)区组,全龄期经过37 d 19 h;幼虫发病率17.0%;茧(蛹)期经过时间短,成虫羽化率高,整齐,集中;结茧率83%;绿色、浅绿色茧,黄色、浅黄色茧分别为45.6%和54.4%,阴阳茧率为9.5%;茧层率为8.72%。     

根结线虫诱导巨型细胞形成关键启动子的定位

为了找到根结线虫诱导的烟草根结内特异性强启动的启动子和了解巨型细胞被诱导形成的分子机理,用无启动子的报告基因(GUS)及旁边的Ds转座子,分离烟草根结内巨型细胞特意启动子.将p13DGUTs转烟草叶片,获得了转基因植株.通过根结线虫感染盆载转基因烟草后,分别检测根系、叶的报告基因的表达情况.结果显示,从转基因植株中筛选到只在根结巨型细胞内表达的转基因植株.     

大熊猫适宜栖息地恢复指标研究

该文从地形因子、森林群落因子和主食竹因子3方面,建立了大熊猫栖息地退化与恢复的指标体系.地形因子指标主要包括海拔、坡度、坡向等;森林群落指标主要包括:林木高度、灌木高度、灌木株数、林木株数、灌木种类、云冷杉林木组成比例、灌木盖度和森林郁闭度.竹子密度、竹子基径、幼竹比例和竹子高度则是衡量主食竹质和量的主要指标.研究结果表明,四川省王朗自然保护区大熊猫栖息地恢复的标准是:生长在海拔2 600～3 000 m之间、坡度为25°～45°的西坡、西南坡和西北坡的中坡部位的森林.这种森林的林木高度<15 m,灌木高度<2 m,灌木株数> 5 000株/hm2,林木株数<300株/hm2,灌木种类>5种以上,云冷杉林木组成>50%以上,灌木盖度80%～100%,森林郁闭度<50%,竹子密度为 35～102株/m2,竹干基径>4.4 mm,幼竹比例>25%,竹子高度为1.8～2.8 m的森林环境.在此基础上,提出了保护、恢复和修复3种恢复大熊猫栖息地途径.     

Effects of Water Quality on the Distribution of Chinese Giant Salamander (Andrias davidianus) in Guizhou Province,China

13 water quality parameters were tested from 38 reaches of 34 counties in Guizhou where Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus ) distributed over the past 30 years. Dissolved oxygen and pH were found to be significant determinants of the species distribution in recent years (P<0.05). There was no Chinese giant salamander distribution in the recent five years in rivers with dissolved solids of greater than 415 mg/L, conductivity of greater than 639 us/cm, salinity of greater than 0.31 ppt and total hardness of greater than 150 mg/L. Sensitive to environment, the Chinese giant salamander is an important indicator for environmental quality, so it could be used as one of the environmental indicator. Eutrophication, chemical fertilizer, pesticides and inorganic pollutants may be one of reasons driving wild CGS into extinction.     

Different capabilities in utilizing dietary carbohydrate by fingerling and subadult giant gouramy Osphronemus gouramy

ABSTRACT:   Two experiments were conducted to determine the capability of the giant gouramy Osphronemus gouramy to assimilate dietary carbohydrate. In experiment 1, fingerlings with an initial body weight of 29–32 g were fed diets containing 20.8, 35.6, 49.8 and 57.0% carbohydrate three times daily, to satiation, for 40 days. In experiment 2, subadults with an initial body weight of 78.7–79.5 g were fed diets containing 21.2, 30.1, 38.6 and 47.5% carbohydrate three times daily, to satiation, for 60 days. The diets had the same amount of protein and the same energy content. The results of experiment 1 showed that the blood glucose levels of fish fed high carbohydrate diets (49.8 and 57.0%) in the 18 h postprandial were lower than those of fish fed low carbohydrate diets (20.8 and 35.6%). The peak of the blood glucose levels in all treatments was found 5 h postprandial. Experiment 2 showed that the blood glucose level of fish was the same among treatments; and the peak of the blood glucose levels was found 9 h postprandially. It was also found that the protein retention, daily growth rate and feed efficiency of the dietary 20.8% carbohydrate levels in experiment 1 were all significantly higher than in other treatments; whereas those in experiment 2 showed no significant difference among the treatments ( P  > 0.05). In both experiments 1 and 2, lipid retention increased significantly as the dietary carbohydrate level was elevated ( P  < 0.05). It was concluded that fingerlings of giant gouramy have a lower capability for utilizing dietary carbohydrate, and of the treatments, the 20.8% diet was optimal, whereas subadults could utilize diets with higher carbohydrate levels, as high as 47.5%.     

葡萄糖焦磷酸酶基因与巨胚基因聚合创建营养功能稻

以利用农杆菌介导glgC TM基因而获得的水稻优质晚粳品种中超123 T5代纯系作为葡萄糖焦磷酸酶（ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase,AGP）基因的供体亲本,与营养功能粳稻品种巨胚1号为ge基因供体亲本进行杂交。通过单株稻米籽粒胚性状的形态观察并结合分子标记检测,在64个F4代候选株系中共筛选到16个同时带有glgC TM/ge双基因的聚合株系。对其中综合性状较好、籽粒大的5个株系种子分别进行胚重、米质理化指标和γ 氨基丁酸（GABA）含量的测定。与AGP基因的供体亲本中超123相比,5个含glgC TM/ge双基因聚合株系稻米的百粒胚重最小增幅为702%,最大增幅为119.0%,达极显著水平;GABA含量的增加幅度为102.93%～194.14%。所选株系的千粒重均超过巨胚1号,差异达极显著水平;而稻米的胶稠度、碱消值和直链淀粉含量等品质指标的变化不很明显。偏籼型的glgC TM/ge聚合株系直链淀粉含量均显著高于双亲中超123和巨胚1号;而偏粳型的glgC TM/ge聚合株系与双亲没有显著差异。研究结果表明, glgC TM和ge基因在聚合株系稻米籽粒总淀粉的合成和胚的形成中都得到充分表达,增加了稻谷千粒重和米胚大小,但对直链淀粉的合成影响不大。认为利用生物技术与传统技术相结合的分子设计育种来调整稻米的营养功能结构和产量是一条行之有效的途径。     

圈养大熊猫主食竹的氨基酸分析

拟通过对大熊猫主食竹中氨基酸含量及其相互间比例的分析,为圈养大熊猫的饲料配方中平衡氨基酸提供理论参考依据。采集了大熊猫喜食的3个产地4种竹叶和竹杆样品各1 7个,共34个样品,并测定了其中1 7种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,竹样品中谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高,其中竹叶中为1 .37%±0 .1 8% ,竹杆中为0 .2 8%±0 .0 6% ;其次为天冬氨酸(Asp)、亮氨酸(Leu)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、赖氨酸(Lys)、脯氨酸(Pro)、甘氨酸(Gly)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、酪氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、精氨酸(Arg) ;半胱氨酸(Cys)含量最低,竹叶中为0 .0 7%±0 .0 4% ,竹杆中为0 .0 4%±0 .0 5 %。竹叶中除Cys含量显著(P <0 .0 5 )高于竹杆外,其余所有氨基酸含量都极显著(P <0 .0 1 )高于竹杆。竹叶中总非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的平均含量为6.2 8%±0 .79% ,竹杆中为4.32 %±2 .5 8% ;竹叶总必需氨基酸(EAA)平均含量为4.66%±0 .5 9% ,竹杆中为3.2 0 %±1 .98%。竹叶和竹杆中NEAA/EAA平均比值分别为1 .35±0 .0 8和1 .2 2±0 .47。