建立水利发展基金 促进农田水利建设

通过对晋城市郊区和高平县建立水利发展基金和建农基金制度的调查,向人们展示了一个以自我积累为主,国家扶持为辅的增加水利投入的新机制。他们的主要经验是:领导重视,大胆探索,做出建立基金制度的科学决策;因地制宜拓宽基金来源渠道,合理确定基金提取比例;层层建立组织机构,制定严格的管理制度;明确使用范围,充分发挥基金效益。     

唐山市耕地资源现状与可持续利用对策分析

唐山市是一个以重工业为主的老工业城市。近年来,由于城市化的发展以及其他不合理的开发利用,再加上水土流失、工业废物排放、农药化肥的大量使用、不合理的灌溉方式及自然灾害等直接影响了耕地资源的有效、持续利用,使得唐山市的耕地资源大量减少,质量严重下降。为此,就唐山市耕地资源出现的问题进行了初步探讨,分析了产生问题的原因,提出了耕地资源可持续利用的对策。     

慈溪市水生维管束植物的区系特点及保护利用

2007~2009年对慈溪市水生维管束植物区系特点进行了调查研究。结果表明：慈溪有水生维管束植物131种,隶属于88属41科。将88个属归纳为11个分布区类型,世界分布类型比例最高,其次依次为热带分布属、温带分布属。此外,对保护与合理利用慈溪市水生维管束植物资源提出了必要性及具体措施。     

青海省海北州麝香资源及其开发利用和发展前景

麝香是由鹿科动物马麝和林麝成熟雄体香囊中的分泌物干燥而成,为我国特产的名贵药材和世界四大名香之一。介绍了马麝和林麝的动物形态特征以及麝香的采集加工方法、商品质量与鉴别方法及产销情况,并展望了麝香的发展前景。     

永兴县建设用地集约利用现状及对策

土地是城市发展过程中一切生产活动的载体。为缓解土地供需矛盾、保障社会经济稳定快速发展,建设节约型社会,集约利用建设用地研究显得特别重要。文章以郴州市永兴县为研究对象,在对永兴县的建设用地现状分析的基础上,提出建设用地利用过程中存在的问题和相应的对策。     

山区煤炭资源开采利用中生态补偿机制构建探讨--以贵州六盘水为例

自三线建设开始以来,六盘水市加大了对煤炭资源的开采利用力度,同时也加剧了资源开发利用与生态环境之间的矛盾。该文对六盘水煤炭资源开采利用过程中产生的一系列生态环境问题进行了分析,并提出构建生态补偿机制的对策和建议。     

Genotypic Variation of Sweetpotatoes Grown Under Low Potassium Stress

Abstract

Ninety‐four sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) genotypes were compared under low potassium (K) stress (35 mg kg^?1 dry soil) over two growing seasons. Potassium utilization efficiency ratio (KER), defined as the dry matter weight/K content, was significantly different among genotypes. Genotypes were divisible into four KER categories: high efficient, efficient, fairly efficient and inefficient with most of the genotypes falling in the efficient and fairly efficient groups. The K contents varied significantly within individual plants. Potassium concentration on a dry weight basis was greatest in the petioles followed by leaves, stems, and roots. On a total plant basis, K content in roots was greatest followed by stems, leaves, and petioles. Several genotypes (including 602 × 81‐3, Zhe15‐47 and Xushu18) were selected as most suitable for growth on soils low in available K due to their appreciable yields and higher KER under low K stress.     

秸秆燃料价值综合利用技术研究

随着农业经济的发展、农民生活方式的改变及秸秆综合利用技术未充分开发和推广,农民大量焚烧秸秆。对秸秆燃料价值综合利用关键技术和存在的问题进行分析,并提出对策,以期为实现农业可持续发展。     

Comparison of nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency between elite inbred lines and the landraces of maize

Abstract

Inadequate supply of nitrogen (N) fertilizers results in lower N use efficiency (NUE) and higher N losses which cause environmental deterioration, such as nitrate pollution of groundwater and emission of nitrous greenhouse gases. One way to increase NUE is to use N-efficient cultivars, which grow better under reduced N supplies. Both elite inbred lines and landraces are the basis for hybrid breeding in maize. While inbred lines are mostly selected from high N input conditions, landraces are historically distributed in poor soils with low N availability. Therefore, some potential NUE-related traits conserved in the landraces may have been lost during modern breeding processes. In the present study, the N accumulation and utilization efficiency of 15 elite inbred lines and four landraces of maize were compared at low (LN) and high N (HN) input conditions. In general, the grain yields of the inbred lines and the landraces were similar at both N rates. However, nitrogen accumulation ability in landraces was much higher than that of the inbred lines. The high N accumulation of landraces was closely related to their higher biomass, indicating that growth potential is the main driving force for N accumulation. Nevertheless, N utilization efficiency (grain produced per unit N absorbed) of the landraces was significantly lower than that in inbred lines. Correspondingly, assimilation allocation for grain formation, as indicated by the harvest index, was much lower in landraces than in inbred lines. The higher growth potential, and hence, the ability of N accumulation in landraces may be a valuable trait in breeding programs aiming to further improve N use efficiency.     

欠发达农村对外部人才资源的利用模式创新

欠发达农村的建设需要外部人才资源的支持,外部人才资源的利用效率很大程度上影响着今后农村经济社会发展的成效。以农村发展研究项目为切入点,制定外部人才资源利用计划,全面利用大学生村官、下乡干部、博士服务团、大中专师资力量等外来人才,使外部人才资源形成合力,促进农村社会经济快速持续发展。