一种基于解耦旋转锚框匹配策略的谷粒检测方法

【目的】基于计算机视觉技术建立水稻考种中谷粒计数与粒径的检测方法,节省考种人力成本,提升效率,有利于数字化育种体系建立。【方法】通过对比基于 YOLOv5l 骨架结构的水平框目标检测策略与基于 ResNet101 和 DarkNet53 骨架结构的旋转框检测策略,同时比较旋转框检测策略预测的水稻谷粒长宽比值与实际测量值之间的差异,验证该方法的可行性。【结果】旋转框的目标检测模型计算得到的水稻谷粒长宽比与实测值无显著差异,两者的均方根误差为 0.91~2.29;而水平框的目标检测模型计算的长宽比显著小于实测值,且均方根误差值（9.38~9.45）比旋转框的目标检测模型更大。基于水平框的目标检测策略与基于旋转框的检测策略在谷粒计数的精度几乎相当,但水平框检测模型无法实现水稻谷粒长宽比的准确计算,而使用旋转框的目标检测策略能够较为准确计算谷粒长宽比。【结论】基于解耦旋转锚框匹配策略可对水稻谷粒进行准确计数,相比传统水平框的目标检测策略,可降低检测中的背景噪声和密集堆积物体的漏检情况,同时快速准确计算水稻谷粒长宽比。该方法可以进一步应用到水稻品种识别中的谷粒长短和大小的计算,以及种子质量检测及品种鉴定等数字化育种场景中。     

巴蛸拖网捕捞技术研究

为合理开发利用巴蛸资源，为29．4～58．8kW渔船巴蛸拖网进行了改进设计，改成低口、长袖的结构形式，并配置驱赶铁链。与原拖网对比试验结果表明，新型巴蛸拖网比原底拖网增产巴蛸60％以上，增加产量50％以上，同时对传统经济鱼虾类有一定保护作用。     

A method for calculating numerical estimates of gear selectivity curve

The present paper proposes a method for estimating the numerical curve of gear selectivity without the assumption of function of selectivity curve and estimating confidence intervals, using data of catch per unit effort at length for several nets of different mesh sizes obtained from fishing experiments. The paper assumes such geometric similarity as the selectivity is the same if the rate of fish length to mesh size is the same. The basic idea is due to a technique of numerical integration that uses the derivatives at various points. The natural logarithm of selectivity is expressed by an approximation equation using its cumulated derivatives. The values of derivatives at various lengths are calculated from the data. The confidence intervals are made from the bootstrap samples. The method was applied to the data of catch at length by mesh size of gill net for pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha . Data collection, modification and issues of the method are discussed.     

Influence of high-mobility group box 1 on proliferation of neural stem cell in pre-infarction cortex of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model rats

AIM：To investigate the influence of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on the proliferation of neural stem cells in peri-infarction cortex of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model rats. METHODS：Male SD rats (n=48) were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, RNA interference group and negative interference group. The rat middle cerebral artery was blocked to establish focal cerebral I/R model (ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 7 d). Lentivirus vector of HMGB1 shRNA was used to suppress the HMGB1 protein expression in the rat brain. The effect of RNA interference was evaluated by the methods of double-immunofluorescence labeling of HMGB1/GFAP and Western blotting. The proliferation of neural stem cells in the peri-infarction cortex was assessed by double labeling of BrdU/nestin. RESULTS：The protein expression of HMGB1 in I/R group was much higher than those in sham group (P<0.05). RNA interference effectively inhibited the HMGB1 expression (P<0.05). Double labeled BrdU/nestin positive cells in I/R group were more than that in sham group (P<0.05). The double labeled BrdU/nestin positive cells were significantly decreased in RNA interference group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in peri-infarction cortex by increasing HMGB1 protein level.     

Keeping watch on the unwatchable: technological solutions for the problems generated by ecosystem-based management

Ecosystem‐based management is an emerging paradigm influencing the management of commercial fisheries. Increasingly, developed nations are adopting explicit legislation and policy governing the assessment and management of their fisheries against criteria of ecological sustainability. Yet the ability to evaluate ecosystem impacts of fisheries is compromised by a general lack of understanding of marine ecosystem function (beyond the population level) and a lack of robust and practical indicators for ecosystem health and management. Recent technological advances can assist in developing criteria, including structural analyses of seafloor communities potentially impacted by fishing gears (e.g. demersal trawling). Similarly, advances in fishing gear technology, including improved selectivity and the development of gears which have a more benign environmental impact, can mitigate some of the ecological impacts of fishing. Such technological advances are summarized in the context of contemporary fisheries management.     

Comparative analysis of ichthyoplankton sampling gear for early life stages of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)

Comparative gear tows were conducted during the summers of 1987–1990 in the Gulf of Alaska. Efficiencies of four types of ichthyoplankton sampling gear were compared with respect to total catch and size distribution of larval fish. Fish were sampled using the bongo net (333 and 505 μm mesh), 1 m Tucker net, 3 m Tucker net and the Methot frame net. Results indicate that the bongo and the 1 m Tucker nets caught similar numbers and size distribution of fish. The larger 3 m Tucker and Method frame nets caught a larger size class of fish but a smaller total catch. Although there was a slightly significant diel difference in total catch detected in the smaller nets, no diel differences in size distribution of fish caught were detected for any of the nets.     

环境友好型虾夷扇贝捕捞网具优化设计与试验

目前中国虾夷扇贝网具存在捕捞效果差、海底生境影响严重等问题,该研究基于水下视频监控技术,设计了水压板导流与随动式惊扰相结合的拖曳网架结构。采用FLUENT软件对改造后捕捞网具的水下拖曳水动力特性进行分析得出,在拖曳水深在30~50 m、拖曳速度为1.8 m/s、网口高度为350 mm时,采用22.5°～30°负迎角弧式水压板,可减轻顶部湍流对底栖鱼类的兼捕影响,且随动式惊扰装置满足作业要求,此时拖曳稳定绳长约为156.80～261.34 m、稳定角度为11.03°、稳定拖曳力为2275.83 N。通过海上捕捞对比试验得出,在拖曳速度为1.5、1.8和2.0 m/s时,改造后捕捞网具与生产用捕捞网具在捕捞量方面无显著差异（P>0.5）,在碎贝量和底栖鱼类兼捕量方面显著降低（P<0.5）。单网平均捕捞量的偏差率分别为6.30%、0.59%和5.55%,单网平均碎贝量的偏差率分别为90.63%、84.78%、85.29%,单网底栖鱼类平均兼捕量的偏差率分别为78.57%、81.25%、84.85%。且在拖曳速度为1.8 m/s时,与生产用网具相比,单网平均捕捞量偏差率最低,单网平均碎贝量的偏差率最低,底栖鱼类平均兼捕量显著减少,符合环境友好型捕捞网具设计要求。     

螺旋伞齿轮精锻工艺及发展趋势的研究

当前,代表各国机械制造发展程度的是齿轮精锻工艺的水平,提升锻造工艺水平可以促进中国机械工业更好更快发展,从而减少与世界顶尖技术的距离。并且能够更大程度上减少对资源的消耗和材料的浪费,给机械工业减少成本的消耗。因而文章从我国螺旋齿轮精锻研究概况、及其所面临的问题以及研究方法等几方面入手研究螺旋伞齿轮的精锻工艺,并且展望了该技术的未来趋势。     

Ecosystem‐based fisheries management: A perspective on the critique and development of the concept

The concept of ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) has been subjected to debate since it was introduced in the late 1990s. The development of the concept seems to follow two separate but simultaneous trajectories of increased popularity but also sustained critique. This paper offers an analysis of potential mechanisms behind these disparate trajectories by drawing on a theoretical framework from science and technology studies (STS) centred around "black box" and actor‐network theory. To support our analysis, we perform an exploratory literature review of how the EBFM concept has been used in a selection of high impact fisheries research papers. We find that the popularity of EBFM does not guarantee its integrity, usefulness or analytical insight, but also that persistent critique of how the concept is used seems to be driving some change. We think that a continued trajectory of increased understanding, contextualization and discernibility of EBFM can help overcome the considerable ambiguity associated with the concept and make it increasingly useful to fisheries management. This means moving away from routine use of the term towards a practicable and tangible approach to improve fisheries sustainability.     

子自仿射集的Hausdorff维数

定义了箱维数，研究了其性质，并获得了Ｈａｕｓｄｏｒｆｆ维数和Ｐａｃｋｉｎｇ维数的另一表达式。最后，计算了一类子集的分数维。