非农就业质量如何影响山区农户土地转出稳定性——基于浙江省4县480户农户的观察

为厘清非农就业质量对山区农户土地转出稳定性的影响机制,基于2021年浙江省山区4县480户农户调查数据,采取OLS、Heckman两阶段以及2SLS等模型开展实证研究,同时采取Probit模型检验作用机制并结合案例加以佐证。结果表明：1）非农就业质量的改善激励山区农户提高土地转出的稳定性。2）非农就业质量显著影响老一代农户和“体制外”农户土地转出的稳定性,但是对新生代农户和“体制内”农户的影响不显著,同时,非农就业质量对土地转出稳定性的影响并不因为就业距离的远近而产生差异;3）非农就业质量影响土地转出稳定性的作用机制在于强化农户的城市融入意愿、弱化农户对地租的偏好以及弱化土地的社会保障功能。相关政策需要致力于提升山区农户的非农就业质量,提升和完善非农就业的稳定性、收入和保障制度。     

猪源发酵乳杆菌的筛选及其潜在益生性能

【目的】对从健康仔猪粪便中筛选分离出一株发酵乳杆菌的益生性能进行测试,为其在畜禽动物养殖中的应用提供参考。【方法】采用Rogosa SL完全选择性培养基分离出106株乳酸菌,通过革兰氏染色、酸和胆盐耐受初步筛选出1株潜在的饲用乳酸菌,经16S rDNA序列鉴定为发酵乳杆菌LF1,并对其益生性能潜力进行评估,包括抑菌活性(针对大肠杆菌K88、金黄色葡萄球菌、猪链球菌、沙门氏菌以及弧菌等12种病原菌)、对模拟胃液中酸性环境的耐受性、对胆盐的耐受性以及对小肠上皮细胞的粘附性。【结果】发酵乳杆菌LF1耐酸和耐胆盐的能力较强,显示出较强的益生菌潜力,但LF1菌株对猪肠道上皮细胞的粘附能力不强。在生物拮抗作用方面,发酵乳杆菌LF1的培养上清可以显著抑制多种常见动物病原菌生长。【结论】发酵乳杆菌LF1具有较好的益生性能,通过进一步的动物实验评估后,可以作为应用于畜禽养殖业的益生菌候选菌株。     

动物防御素研究进展

防御素(defensin)是一族具有广谱抗微生物和细胞毒活性的多肽,是天然免疫的重要介质,属内源性抗生素肽(endogenous antibiotic peptides)家族.介绍了动物防御素的分布、结构、表达、作用机理等方面的内容.     

Quality aspect of fish sauce prepared from underutilized fatty Japanese anchovy and rabbit fish

ABSTRACT:   To explore the potential utility of underutilized fish in the fish sauce industry, fish sauces were prepared from both raw and heat-induced meat of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonica and rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens using wheat malt, and their quality aspects and sensory properties were assessed. Proximate composition of the fish meat represents protein as the major component (16.0–17.8%), other than moisture. Analyses of free amino acids, peptides including oligopeptides, and organic acids contents in fish sauces revealed suitability of both raw and heat-induced meat of the selected species in commercial fish sauce production. The variations in taste of raw meat fish sauces were species-specific, but the taste of fish sauces from heat-induced meat were similar.     

Chemical and Thermal Properties of Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Meat

Chemical compositions and thermal properties of cultured freshwater prawn meat (FPM) were studied. FPM contained 83.2% protein (dry basis), 62.7% of which was myofibrillar protein. Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and insoluble collagen (ISC) contents were 0.63 and 0.32%, respectively. Both collagens were similar to type V collagen from porcine placenta. Glutamic acid/glutamine, arginine, aspartic acid/?asparagine, and lysine were abundant amino acids in FPM. Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and aspartic acid/?asparagine were predominant in both collagens. FPM exhibited thermal transition temperatures (T_max) of 48.3 and 64.7°C, whereas T_max of PSC and ISC were 43.0 and 46.0°C, respectively. Textural changes in FPM during post-mortem storage on ice are plausibly dependent upon its compositional and thermal properties.     

武汉上涉湖湿地资源现状及保护措施研究

上涉湖湿地湖区总面积4148hm2,是典型的淡水湖泊湖泛水沼泽湿地,属浅湖和沼泽湿地草甸相连续的湿地生态系统。湿地共有维管束植物581种、底栖动物29种、鱼类74种、兽类23种、鸟类111种。目前存在的主要问题是水域生境被人为阻隔、水生植物多样性降低、野生动物生存受到威胁等。在调查湿地现状的基础上,提出了湿地功能区划分建议。     

Fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene netting twine

Tensile and knot fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene (HPPE), regular polyethylene (PE), nylon multifilament (PAmu), and nylon monofilament (PAmo) under cyclic loading conditions were investigated. The durability of HPPE under tensile fatigue testing was largest, followed by PAmo, PAmu and PE. In knot fatigue, the largest was PAmo, followed by HPPE, PAmu, and PE. High resistance by HPPE to the cyclic loads was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that HPPE suffered the least damage from abrasion compared with the other twines. From the measurement of elongation changes during the cyclic loading, HPPE had very small changes. The low elongation value of HPPE was probably the result of its better fatigue property because there was less damage from abrasion.     

Constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities in big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis)

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO), an important biological messenger from L-arginine. There are considerable evidence showing the expression of NOS in mammalian tissues. Information on distribution of NOS activities in various organs and tissues of fish is rare. Non-functional NOS activities were documented in fish semi-quantitatively either by an indirect nicotine-adenine-dinucleotide-phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity histochemical staining method or by an immunohistochemical method using a cross-reacting antibody to brain NOS. Report on the functional levels of NOS activities in fish is lacking. This report represent the first attempt to document the functional NOS levels in various fish organs and tissues. Constitutive NOS (cNOS) activities in various organs of big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis) was measured by a chemiluminescence method with a detection limit as low as 10 mol of NO produced. It was found that constitutive NOS activity was highest in the brain, followed by the intestine, stomach, retina, olfactory lobe, swim bladder, skeletal muscle, heart, kidney, ovary and liver. NOS activity could not be detected in the gill filaments. Omission of NADPH in the reaction mixture caused a 57–100% decrease in cNOS activities. However, omission of arginine in the mixture only caused a 56–87% drop in cNOS activities. When compared with cNOS activities documented from other species, a similar pattern of cNOS activities in the various organs and tissues of big-head carp could be seen.     

Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by the Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa gelatinosa: Characterization and Assessment of Their Antioxidant and Metal-Chelating Activities

Cyanobacteria, particularly thermophilic strains, represent an important potential source of EPSs, harboring structural complexity that predicts diverse and specific bioactive potential. The thermophilic cyanobacteria Gloeocapsa gelatinosa, isolated from a natural hot source in Ain Echfa (Tunisia), was cultivated in a cylindrical reactor, and the production of biomass and EPSs was investigated. Results revealed that the strain is amongst the most efficient EPSs producers (0.89 g L⁻¹) and that EPSs production was not correlated with the growth phase. EPSs were sulfated heteropolysaccharides containing carbohydrates (70%) based on nine different monosaccharides, mainly mannose (22%), and with the presence of two uronic acids. EPSs were formed by two polymers moieties with a molecular weight of 598.3 ± 7.2 and 67.2 ± 4.4 kDa. They are thermostable in temperatures exceeding 100 °C and have an anionic nature (zeta potential of −40 ± 2 mV). Atomic force microscopy showed that EPSs formed multimodal lumps with 88 nm maximum height. EPSs presented high water holding capacity (70.29 ± 2.36%) and solubility index (97.43 ± 1.24%), and a strong bivalent metal sorption capacity especially for Cu²⁺ (91.20 ± 1.25%) and Fe²⁺ (75.51 ± 0.71%). The antioxidant activity of G. gelatinosa EPSs was investigated using four methods: the β-carotene-bleaching activity, DPPH assays, iron-reducing activity, and metal-chelating activity. EPS has shown high potential as free radicals’ scavenger, with an IC₅₀ on DPPH (0.2 g L⁻¹) three-fold lower than ascorbic acid (0.6 g L ⁻¹) and as a metal chelating activity (IC₅₀ = 0.4 g L⁻¹) significantly lower than EDTA. The obtained results allow further exploration of the thermophilic G. gelatinosa for several biotechnological and industrial applications.     

微囊化亚硫酸盐的模拟释放和应

研究了壁材类型和用量及相对湿度对微囊化的食品保鲜剂亚硫酸盐模拟释放的影响,并用Avrami's公式分析了不同相对湿度下的释放特性.结果表明:相对湿度为85%,壁芯比为1.0,壁材为乙基纤维素的微胶囊6d时SO2保留率为16.2%,其他壁材24d时SO2保留率为8.0%～13.8%;壁材用量对释放影响不显著;同种壁材,相对湿度85%时释放速率是相对湿度75%时的1.3倍,是相对湿度43%时的5.5～7.0倍.该保鲜剂用于玫瑰香葡萄保鲜时,与普通片剂及粉剂相比,药害率和腐烂率均降低60%左右,果实中SO2残留量降低了40%～50%.