风沙土水分入渗与再分布过程中湿润锋运移试验研究

利用室内模拟试验系统,对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地风沙土在滴灌条件下的水分入渗与水分再分布过程中湿润锋的运动规律进行了模拟试验研究。根据模拟试验描述了风沙土在滴灌条件下水分入渗与再分布情况下湿润体的形状变化,研究了在水平方向上与垂直方向上风沙土的湿润锋推进规律及运动特征,揭示了随着累计入渗量的增加,湿润锋推进过程在入渗初期速率较大,逐渐成减小趋势,并最终达到稳定入渗状态;在土壤水分再分布过程中土壤湿润锋面不断向外部推移,最后达到相对稳定;对风沙土水分入渗及再分布过程中其湿润锋的推进距离与时间做了函数关系拟合,其中乘幂函数关系式拟合最好。     

负水头条件下的水平一维土壤吸渗特征

该文分析了不同负水头条件下土壤水分运动特征,并通过室内模拟试验研究了不同负水头条件下水平一维土壤的吸渗特征,根据Brooks-corey模型推求了描述负水头条件下土壤吸渗公式,并分析了各参量间的函数关系。分析了Philip吸渗公式在负水头条件下的适用性,并对所建立的公式进行检验。研究结果表明：上述理论关系可以很好描述负水头条件下水平一维土壤吸渗过程。     

细粒棘球绦虫脂肪酸去饱和酶1基因序列及不同发育阶段表达分析

旨在寻找细粒棘球绦虫发育相关基因,为预防和治疗细粒棘球绦虫引起的包虫病而制定相应的措施提供理论基础。通过分析细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴高通量转录组测序数据文库,对Unigene进行KEGG通路分析,筛选出一个脂肪代谢通路,并筛选出该通路中主要的调控基因脂肪酸去饱和酶1。通过对Eg-FADS1基因的PCR扩增,分析其核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列,用实时荧光定量PCR和全量组织原位杂交检测Eg-FADS1基因在不同发育阶段的表达情况。结果显示,该基因具有完整的开放阅读框,cDNA全长为819bp,编码272个氨基酸,预测该蛋白分子质量为30.98ku,等电点为7.10。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,Eg-FADS1基因在原头蚴及成虫阶段均有表达,并且该基因在成虫阶段极显著高于原头蚴阶段的表达量。全量组织原位杂交结果显示,Eg-FADS1mRNA在原头蚴及成虫阶段分布广泛。提示Eg-FADS1具有生物防治作用,值得进一步研究。     

干燥过程中木材温度的变化规律以及与含水率关系的研究

通过对高温和常规温度干燥过程中木材温度及含水率变化与分布的测定,研究木材温度变化的特点和木材温度与含水率的变化关系。分析自由水蒸发面移动、水分状态改变对温度变化的影响。在此基础上,探讨利用木材温度控制干燥过程的可能性和实施方法,     

The Effect of Structure Form on Wind Resistance of Large Cantilevered Roof

On the background of grandstand cantilevered roofs of two aiding foreign stadiums, the wind resistance of two large cantilevered roofs with different structure forms is compared on the basis of pressure data acquired from wind tunnel test of rigid models, according to their models, frequencies, mean wind pressure coefficients and fluctuating wind pressure power spectrum densities. A conclusion is made that the arch on the front edge of the large roof can improve the wind resistance, and is validated by calculating wind induced responses of the two kinds of the large roofs. Finally, several reasons for that the arch on the front edge is beneficial to the wind resistance of the large cantilevered roof are concluded.     

2011年7月25-26日呼伦贝尔市强降雨过程分析

强对流天气是呼伦贝尔市夏季发生频率较高的灾害性天气之一,其中雷雨大风、短时强降水最为常见。应用常规天气图资料、地面自动站加密降水观测资料和探空资料,对2011年7月25日8:00时至26日8:00时呼伦贝尔市中部地区发生的强降水过程进行了分析。结果表明:首先南北向的低空急流将日本海和东海的暖湿空气带入该市,其次低空急流左侧强烈的风速和风向切边,有低压生成发展,并在流场上形成辐合,从而造成急流轴左侧产生强烈的上升运动,再次西风槽带来的干冷西北气流与之配合形成不稳定层结,为暴雨的出现提供了极有利的天气条件。     

A NEW TYPE OF RADIOGRAPHIC BONE REMODELING IN THE DISTAL RADIAL AND ULNAR METAPHYSIS IN 54 NEWFOUNDLAND DOGS

In this longitudinal observational study, 118 growing Newfoundland dogs were followed with sequential radiographic examination of the right front limb, which were scheduled at ages 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months to record evidence of skeletal changes. All affected dogs had evidence of changes at 6 months and dogs included in this study had radiographic examination at 6 months and at least two other scheduled examinations that included either 4 or 12 months. The dogs were privately owned and had individualized nutrition and environment with no maintenance protocol required by the project leaders. Irregularities in bone remodeling in the distal radius and ulna were seen in radiographs of 54 of 118 (45.8%) dogs. These irregularities differ from changes previously described in the Newfoundland dog. The reported irregularities were seen as islands of reduced opacity outlined by thickened, radiopaque osseous trabeculae, which were aligned with the axis of stress. All the 54 dogs with irregularities during some phase of development consistently had changes at 6 months of age. Reorganization of the changes in the bone was slow, and residual changes were visible at 18-24 months of age in many cases. The significance of these findings may lie in their potential for misinterpretation if they had been discovered in the presence of clinical signs such as any lameness or growth arrest. Radiographic appearance indicates disturbances in the bone maturation. The etiopathogenesis is unclear. Nutritional, environmental and genetic factors have to be studied.     

高山冰川前缘地带景观生态的发育与演替：以天山1号冰川前缘为例

高山冰川前缘地带长寿上于高寒的冰缘环境背景之下，其生态发展的发育具有原始性和简单性，随着冰川作用时间长短的变化，其冰碛母质，植被和土壤同步演替，并表现为一定的演替模式；在景观上也呈现出明显的生态分异特征。     

涌泉根灌在黄土坡地的水分运移规律试验

为了了解涌泉根灌这项微灌技术灌水后的水分运移情况,在野外黄土坡地利用剖面法对涌泉根灌在不同孔径、孔深条件下土壤水分运移规律进行了研究.结果表明,在不同孔径、孔深处理下,湿润体水平扩散半径、向上入渗距离和向下入渗深度有不同的影响,且均与时间有显著的幂函数关系;涌泉根灌停止后24 h内的土壤湿润体水平及竖直方向扩散相对变化超过了47%,湿润体平均含水量相对降低了30%;24 h后的扩散较小,平均含水量下降较小.涌泉根灌停止后24 h时的湿润体特征值可作为涌泉根灌系统设计的依据;推荐涌泉根灌适宜的孔洞深度为30~40 cm,孔径为φ6 cm.研究结果可为涌泉根灌技术的实际应用提供理论参考.     

Dynamic changes in American lobster suitable habitat distribution on the Northeast U.S. Shelf linked to oceanographic conditions

American lobster (Homarus americanus) supports one of the most valuable regional fisheries in the United States, with its abundance and distribution profoundly influenced by environmental conditions. To explain how lobster distribution has changed over time and assess the role of environmental variables on these changes, we used random forest classification and regression tree models to estimate occupancy and biomass in two seasonal periods. The occupancy models were fit to static and dynamic variables, which yielded model fits with AUC scores of 0.80 and 0.78 for spring and fall, respectively. Biomass models were fit with the same data and resulted in models explaining 61% and 63% of the spring and fall biomass variance, respectively. Significant variables scored in the formation of the regression trees were secondary productivity (i.e., zooplankton), bathymetry characteristics, and temperature. American lobster suitable habitat has changed regionally; habitat has increased in the Gulf of Maine and declined in Southern New England. There is also evidence of declining habitat along the inshore margin of the Gulf of Maine, which has been accompanied by a shift in occupancy probability offshore. Habitat suitability results from the random forest models provide insights on the structure and function of lobster habitat and context to understand recent population trends.