矿产资源开发生态补偿机制探讨

矿产资源开发生态补偿机制是建立我国生态补偿机制的核心内容之一,研究矿产开发过程中引起的生态破坏和环境污染,对解决生态补偿在矿产资源开发方面的一系列问题,具有重要的理论价值和现实指导意义。在系统总结我国矿产资源生态补偿现状及问题的基础上,结合国内已有的矿产资源补偿经验,提出了我国矿产资源开发生态补偿的框架,在法律法规、政策制度体系和评价机制等方面提出了对策建议,并对今后的研究重点进行了展望。     

校审过程中的常见问题归纳

框架结构和剪力墙结构是较为常用的结构体系,本文对此类体系在施工图中容易出现的问题作了归纳,以期方便设计者及校审人查阅。     

Regional Conservation in the Virunga-Bwindi Region

SUMMARY

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and the Virunga Volcano region are the last remaining habitats of the highly endangered mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei). This conservation area, shared by Uganda, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, also acts as a refuge for biodiversity and high endemism in the Albertine Rift of Central East Africa. This particular region has suffered from a number of years of civil strife, which have severely affected the management of these forests. This paper will explore the experiences of the International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP) obtained throughout the development of regional processes that are working towards establishing a transboundary-protected area. The establishment of a regional framework and tools utilized are described. The costs and constraints incurred by the IGCP and the resulting positive impacts on conservation are also highlighted.     

Recent Advances in Molecular Biological Applications in Sri Lankan Tea （Camellia sinensis） Industry： An Overview on the Achievements During Last Ten Years

For tea,which is predominantly out-breeding woody perennial,genetic improvement through conventional approaches is relatively ineffective,slow and costly.As a potential tool to enhance the process,Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka （TRISL） has integrated molecular biology to supplement the conventional program and is in progress.To date,a considerable progress has been achieved in the key areas such as genetic characterization and estimation of genetic diversity,isolation and characterization of EST and genomic SSRs,construction of SSR primers,construction of genetic maps and marker assisted selection and application of genomic approaches to understand the role of secondary metabolites disease resistance in tea and in this paper,a summarized version of above studies is presented.     

肉牛人工授精技术网络服务平台的构建

为了在基层畜牧科技人员中推广肉牛人工授精技术,提高基层畜牧科技人员掌握该项技术的能力,利用计算机网络并结合多媒体技术开发出肉牛人工授精网络服务平台.平台利用SQL Server 2008构建后台数据库系统,使用.NET进行前台框架设计,运用Visual Studio.NET进行客户端程序设计.平台建成后投入实际运行,能帮助基层畜牧科技人员随时随地学习肉牛人工授精技术的相关知识,能随时解决基层畜牧科技人员的技术疑问,以便于基层畜牧科技人员更好地为广大农牧民服务.     

网络治理视域下森林资源治理模式探析

通过梳理相关文献发现,国外对有关森林资源治理问题的研究更为系统,以自然资源治理理论为基础,创新发展出强调公众参与度提升的协同性治理理念,关注公众参与的网络治理理论现已成为研究切入的新视角。文中以构建我国森林资源多层次治理网络为主线,结合国内外研究进展,提出一种适于我国的森林资源治理网络框架,以期推动森林资源治理问题的探讨,为治理途径的构建与创新提供借鉴。     

基于数据仓库的土壤环境监测综合挖掘模型构架

为解决土壤环境监测全流程优化问题,提出了监测流程综合挖掘方法,采用数据仓库和工作流挖掘技术,构建了一个土壤环境监测综合挖掘模型构架.首先,采用雪花结构建立了数据模型构架,为流程挖掘提供数据底层;然后建立了监测流程综合挖掘模型构架,给出了监测单元挖掘、监测点位挖掘和监测数据挖掘,以及综合挖掘的模型函数和参数,以局部优化和全局优化的思路实现了土壤环境监测全流程优化.研究结果对于提高土壤环境监测效率,拓展LIMS实验室信息管理系统功能,构建土壤环境监测数据仓库和专家系统提供指导.     

种养循环农作制度碳足迹评估——以鲜食玉米-奶牛-粪便还田循环模式为例

【目的】基于农业碳计量学方法对种养复杂系统全生命周期固碳减排效果的综合评估,是从全产业链视角开展我国低碳农作制度设计和优化的基础。本研究比较了5种系统情景及其对应的种养循环产业链碳足迹评估框架,以期为国内外低碳农作制度创建提供科学、合理、可用的方法学借鉴。【方法】研究基于ISO 14040发布的产品全生命周期碳足迹评价框架,结合IPCC提供的农田和养殖业温室气体核算体系,在不同的系统边界下,构建种养循环农作制度碳足迹评估框架,并以华南热作区鲜食玉米-奶牛-粪便还田循环模式为实证研究对象开展评估效果验证。【结果】评估框架明确了种养循环和分离模式全产业链都包含有农资投入、农田种植、动物养殖、粪便管理、运输和土壤碳汇变化等6个核算环节,并对各环节的碳计量学逻辑及其碳足迹核算方法进行了分析。案例结果表明,鲜食玉米-奶牛-粪便还田种养循环模式全生命周期碳足迹比分离模式降低了34.44%,表现出更好的固碳减排效果。评估框架对种养“耦合”或“脱耦”后对上游农资生产及运输环节的“间接排放”,以及下游产业链饲料替代和废弃物循环利用的“替代性减排”特征能够充分体现,实景系统田间实测数据和调研数据与背景系统...     

Assessing the sublethal impacts of anthropogenic stressors on fish: An energy‐budget approach

Fish are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic stressors from human developments and activities such as agriculture, urbanization, pollution and fishing. Lethal impacts of these stressors have been studied but the potential sublethal impacts, such as behavioural changes or reduced growth and reproduction, have often been overlooked. Unlike mortality, sublethal impacts are broad and difficult to quantify experimentally. As a result, sublethal impacts are often ignored in regulatory frameworks and management decisions. Building on established fish bioenergetic models, we present a general method for using the population consequences of disturbance framework to investigate how stressors influence ecologically relevant life processes of fish. We partition impact into the initial energetic cost of attempts to escape from the stressor, followed by the energetic impacts of any injury or behavioural change, and their consequent effects on life processes. As a case study, we assess the sublethal effects of catch and release angling for the European sea bass (Dicentrachus labrax, Moronidae), a popular target species for recreational fishers. The energy budget model described is not intended to replace existing experimental approaches but does provide a simple way to account for sublethal impacts in assessment of the impact of recreational fisheries and aid development of robust management approaches. There is potential to apply our energy budget approach to investigate a broad range of stressors and cumulative impacts for many fish species while also using individual‐based models to estimate population‐level impacts.