Vegetative propagation of twelve fodder tree species indigenous to the Sahel,West Africa

In the Sahel region, many woody species are used as fodder because of their high nitrogen content, especially during the dry season, in contrast to grasses and crop residues. Unfortunately, this resource is being threatened by regular pruning, increasing livestock browsing and impeding their natural regeneration. Therefore, there is a need to find appropriate regeneration options to sustain fodder production. Thus, a series of vegetative propagation experiments were conducted to identify the most appropriate multiplication methods of some of the species used as fodder. This series included testing the effects of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting ability of stem cuttings of 12 species: Afzelia africana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Bauhinia rufescens, Commiphora africana, Faidherbia albida, Ficus gnaphalocarpa, Guiera senegalensis, Kigelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Pterocarpus lucens, Pterocarpus santalinoides and Terminalia avicennioides. The series also evaluated the impacts of the size (C. africana) and the age (P. erinaceus) of the cuttings on their rooting success. Pterocarpus santalinoides was revealed to be an easy-to-root species, showing a high percentage of rooted cuttings (up to 88±3%), followed by P. erinaceus, P. lucens and B. aegyptiaca (up to 37±4%, 31±5% and 26±6%, respectively), in contrast to A. africana, cuttings of which did not root at all. The application of NAA and IBA enhanced the number of roots and secondary roots per rooted cutting. Large-diameter cuttings (15–20?mm) of deeply planted C. africana gave the highest percentage of rooted cuttings (78.3±4.4%). Tree pruning improved the rooting capacity of cuttings collected from P. erinaceus with one-month resprouts giving the highest percentage of rooted cuttings (50.0±6.7%). These results indicate that P. santalinoides, C. africana, P. erinaceus, P. lucens and B. aegyptiaca are amenable to vegetative propagation as an alternative to sexual propagation.     

不同苜蓿品种比较试验

在中等肥力土壤条件和每公顷播种量7.5kg的情况下，分析从美国引进的4个不同苜蓿品种和我国的中苜1号在产草量，营养成分，氨基酸含量以及经济效益上的差异性。结果表明：引进的4个苜蓿品种产草量和经济效益均高于国内品种55％－80％，其中以MHA2品种的产草量，经济效益最好，具有推广意义。     

我国苜蓿产业亟待振兴

随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,特别是奶牛业的崛起,对优质饲草尤其是苜蓿（Medicago sativa）的需求量将会越来越大。目前我国苜蓿产量低、品质差、供应量不足,不能满足市场的需求,进口苜蓿呈增加态势,2010年苜蓿的进口量已达22.72万t,对我国的苜蓿产业造成严重威胁。我国苜蓿产业发展受制于许多因素,一直处于徘徊不前状态,急需振兴。应尽快制定苜蓿产业发展战略规划,完善苜蓿生产补贴政策,鼓励科技创新,积极扶持苜蓿龙头企业,整合苜蓿产业资源,建设现代化苜蓿产业示范基地,推进我国苜蓿布局区域化、种植规模化、作业机械化、管理标准化和经营产业化发展,着力打造苜蓿产业带,增强我国苜蓿的综合生产能力和供应能力,推进奶-草一体化。     

4种豆科牧草抗寒性能比较研究

通过对紫花苜蓿、鹰嘴紫云英、红豆草、百脉根越冬前后形态、生理指标比较,研究4种豆科牧草抗寒能力。结果表明,各牧草的抗寒性能与牧草的根茎直径、越冬芽数量呈显著正相关。最后通过对各牧草各项指标作出了综合性价:紫花苜蓿、百脉根抗寒性能明显高于红豆草和鹰嘴紫云英,同时提出可溶性糖含量可作为几种牧草在本区的鉴定指标。     

Effects of corn straw or mixed forage diet on rumen fermentation parameters of lactating cows using a wireless data logger

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different forage types on rumen fermentation parameters and profiles using a wireless data logger. Eight lactating cows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments with a low forage diet with corn straw (CS) or a high forage diet with mixed forage (MF) as the forage source, respectively. Dietary physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content was 11.3% greater in CS. Dry matter intake and milk fatty acid content decreased upon CS (P < 0.05). Ruminal pH, temperature and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) were monitored for 14 weeks. The CS group had significantly higher pH but lower temperature and ORP compared to MF (P < 0.01). With the CS diet regime, pH at the time before morning feeding, rumination and post‐ingestion were significantly higher than those in the MF group (P < 0.05). However, times with the ruminal pH below 6.0 and 5.8 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), whereas ruminal pH below 5.6 tended to be lower (P = 0.07). The results indicated that rumen fermentation parameters were affected by forage types and dietary peNDF content might be predominant in ruminal pH regulation.     

2种除草剂对燕麦产量、杂草防除及后茬作物安全性的影响

试验采用前期筛选的2种最佳除草剂仲丁灵和二甲·辛酰溴施用于燕麦田(Avena sativa),调查燕麦鲜草、种子产量及防效,并初步研究不同浓度除草剂对后茬植物出苗率、株高及鲜重的影响.结果表明:药后15 d,30 d株防效及鲜重防效表现为施用高浓度二甲·辛酰溴 > 中浓度二甲·辛酰溴 > 高浓度仲丁灵.表明与对照相比,所有处理对燕麦产量均有增产作用,2种除草剂都在中浓度增效明显,且二甲·辛酰溴优于仲丁灵.低浓度除草剂处理过的土壤对后茬冬油菜及皮、裸燕麦出苗无影响,在中、低浓度下对后茬成株期株高和鲜重有促进作用,而高浓度除草剂对后茬出苗率及成株期生长有抑制作用.仲丁灵中浓度对后茬影响最小,高浓度二甲·辛酰溴对后茬抑制最大.因此建议燕麦田施用40%仲丁灵和40%二甲·辛酰溴分别不超过5625 和2025 mL·hm^-2.     

不同灌水量对饲料玉米耗水特性和生物量的影响

为了研究不同灌水量对饲料玉米耗水特性和生物量的影响,采用卷盘式喷灌的灌水方式,在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鄂托克前旗进行田间试验。结果表明:总体来说随着灌水量的增加,饲料玉米的耗水量、耗水强度、株高、产量和水分生产率都有不同程度的增加;其中灌水定额为60mm的处理分枝期的耗水强度最大为4.31mm/d;在灌水量低于45mm时,增加灌水量对于产量和水分生产率的影响十分明显;而灌水量为60mm处理,相对于45mm处理来说产量和水分生产率增加甚微。从经济、节水、增产考虑,建议饲料玉米苗期可适当增加灌水量,其他生育期可取45mm的灌溉制度。     

黄土丘陵区牧草篱对坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀性的影响

以苜蓿、红豆草2种牧草篱为研究对象,对黄土丘陵区坡耕地布设牧草篱前后及牧草篱形成初期草带内、带间坡耕地土壤物理性质、抗蚀性、抗冲性、抗剪性的差异及各相关性进行了研究.结果表明:1)牧草篱可以明显改善土壤容重、总孔隙度、饱和含水量、水稳性团聚体含量等物理性质;2)牧草篱影响下土壤抗蚀性、抗冲性提高,牧草篱带内土壤抗剪强度小于带间坡耕地;3)牧草篱系统内土壤抗冲系数与土壤容重呈负相关关系,与总孔隙度、饱和含水量、水稳性团聚体含量呈正相关;崩解速率与土壤容重成正相关,与总孔隙度、饱和含水量、水稳性团聚体含量呈负相关;土壤抗剪强度与土壤容重呈正相关(p＜0.05),与总孔隙度、饱和含水量、水稳性团聚体呈负相关.     

基于PCA方法以牧草营养成分评判青海省海南州天然草地类型质量初探

为了科学评价天然草地各草地类型中牧草饲料品质的质量,在常规分析的基础上,采用主成分分析法对青海省海南州天然草地各草地类型中的牧草饲料进行了综合质量评定和量化评估,通过对天然草地各草地类型牧草饲料品质主成分分析的综合得分进行对比,较为全面客观地评价了天然草地各草地类型的优劣。结果表明,天然草地各草地类型中高寒草原类牧草饲料品质最好,其次是低平地草甸类、高寒草甸类、温性荒漠类、温性荒漠草原类、温性草原类。     

HPLC法测玉米蛋白粉和乳猪教槽料中色氨酸的含量

试验采用高效液相色谱法测定饲料样品中色氨酸的含量。样品经过处理后,用Agilent C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离样品,以0.008 5 mol/l的乙酸钠+甲醇=95+5为流动相;检测波长280 nm,流动相流速1.0 ml/min。结果表明,色氨酸在4.656~298μg/ml范围内,峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),最低检测限为0.033 5μg/ml,两种饲料中色氨酸含量均在国标允许的误差范围内。方法准确、简便、快速,适用于色氨酸的含量测定。