玉米和高粱用于碳同化和光呼吸的电子效率估算

为了探讨C₄植物碳同化和光呼吸的电子效率,运用Li-6400光合仪同时测定玉米和高粱在30℃和380 μmol CO₂ mol^-1下叶片的气体交换和叶绿素荧光,结果表明,直角双曲线修正模型可较好地拟合所测的光响应曲线和快速光曲线,其拟合值与实测值较为一致。在此基础上算得玉米和高粱在光呼吸条件下参与碳同化的电子流分别为198.60 μmol m^-2 s^-1和178.00 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为75.34%和74.81%;参与光呼吸的电子流分别为7.04 μmol m^-2 s^-1和7.84 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为2.67%和3.29%。而根据Valentini和Epron的方法算得玉米和高粱碳同化的电子流分别为210.45 μmol m^-2 s^-1和188.54 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比例分别为82.68%和79.24%;参与光呼吸的电子流则分别为45.67 μmol m^-2 s^-1和49.40 μmol m^-2 s^-1,所占比率分别为17.32%和20.76%。以前法研究表明,玉米和高粱在光呼吸条件下,来自PSII的电子除流向光呼吸和碳还原外,还存在其他消耗电子的途径,证明其他消耗电子的途径并不能被忽略或其他途径所消耗电子的量并不是常数。后法过高地估算了玉米和高粱叶片中来自PSII的电子用于光呼吸的消耗量。两法的结果相差6倍左右。这对重新评估光呼吸在植物的光保护中所起的作用提供了理论依据。     

Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.     

Sliding friction test analysis of TiAlN/TiN coatings on 40Cr steel

TiAlN/TiN duplex coating is made on the surface of 40Cr steel by means of multi-arc ion plating technology. Carrying capacity and tribological properties of TiAlN/TiN duplex coating are investigated with a UMT-2 wear tester without lubrication. The surface morphology of wear specimens are observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Elements of wear scar center and their content are analyzed by EDS. Tribological properties of TiAlN/TiN coating are evaluated through comparing with 40Cr in friction coefficient and wear volume. The results show that tribological properties of TiAlN/TiN duplex coating is better than 40Cr. The TiAlN/TiN films is superior in reducing friction and wear resistance, and can successfully resist abrasive wear and adhesive wear.     

Multi-scale optical flow estimation of the video based on gradient optimization

A new algorithm based on gradient optimization is proposed for optical flow estimation of video images with different motion ranges. The original video images are transformed by using Loggabor filtering on phases and measures,and then the spatio-temporal gradient is calculated by using the obtained feature images. The optical flow is calculated with the spatio-temporal gradient. The video images are layered and processed with coarse-to-fine image pyramid method. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm is suitable for the video optical flow motion estimation of the significant range. It can not only obtain the video images following the human visual resolution characteristics, but also optimize the spatio-temporal gradient, while the optical flow calculation is more accurate. Besides, the time complexity of this algorithm is equivalent to that of the traditional optical flow method, and the accuracy of the algorithm is superior to the methods suggested by Horn-Schunck, Duan,et al.     

Phosphorus dynamics in tile-drain flow during storms in the US Midwest

Excess phosphorus (P) in freshwater systems has been associated with eutrophication in agro-ecosystems of the US Midwest and elsewhere. A better understanding of processes regulating both soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus (TP) exports to tile-drains is therefore critical to minimize P losses to streams while maintaining crop yield. This paper investigates SRP and TP dynamics at a high temporal resolution during four spring storms in two tile-drains in the US Midwest. Depending on the storm, median concentrations varied between 0.006-0.025 mg/L for SRP and 0.057-0.176 mg/L for TP. For large storms (>6 cm bulk precipitation), for which macropore flow represented between 43 and 50% of total tile-drain flow, SRP transport to tile-drains was primarily regulated by macropore flow. For smaller tile-flow generating events (<3 cm bulk precipitation), for which macropore flow only accounted for 11-17% of total tile-drain flow, SRP transport was primarily regulated by matrix flow. Total P transport to tile-drains was primarily regulated by macropore flow regardless of the storm. Soluble reactive P (0.01-1.83 mg m⁻²/storm) and TP (0.10-8.64 mg m⁻²/storm) export rates were extremely variable and positively significantly correlated to both mean discharge and bulk precipitation. Soluble reactive P accounted for 9.9-15.5% of TP fluxes for small tile-flow generating events (<3 cm bulk precipitation) and for 16.2-22.0% of TP fluxes for large precipitation events (>6 cm bulk precipitation). Although significant variations in tile-flow response to precipitation were observed, no significant differences in SRP and TP concentrations were observed between adjacent tile-drains. Results stress the dominance of particulate P and the importance of macropore flow in P transport to tile-drains in the US Midwest. Although only spring storms are investigated, this study brings critical insight into P dynamics in tile-drains at a critical time of the year for water quality management.     

温度与回流量对含酚废水厌氧处理的影响

采用厌氧膨胀床反应器处理含酚有机废水，在中温条件（３０℃）下达到稳定状态。温度降到１５℃，处理效率明显下降；２０℃时影响很小；２３℃时有机物去除率、沼气产率与３０℃时持平，增加回流量对提高处理效率作用不大。结果表明，该工艺在常温和低回流量条件下运行依然有效，并且可以保持较高净产能量。     

输油管道水力流态区域判别法的计算

以雷诺数形式给出的判别式,对水力计算的二、三类问题(Q或d未知)不能预先判明流体流动所属流态区域,计算时需试算或迭代。以推荐的石油工业部门常用的湍流区域界限为基础,对判别式做了推导或变形,并用最小二乘法拟合有关常数,由此得出的判别式对于管道水力计算的三类基本问题均能预先判明流态区域,不需试算。     

液体管道非稳定流动摩阻计算

管道中非稳定流动的分析方法主要有频域法和时域法,非线性摩阻的存在给非稳定流动的分析带来一定困难,通常的作法是认为瞬态流动下的摩阻等于稳定流动下的摩阻,但对于管道非稳定流动的长时间的动态模拟,用传统的“拟稳态”假设计算管道摩擦阻力及相关压头损失不够准确,采用频率相关摩中改变这一情况,给出了频率相关摩阻的计算公式及在特征线法中的具体应用。     

濒危药用植物珊瑚菜遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD分子标记对全国11个居群的291个珊瑚菜样本进行了遗传多样性研究。结果显示,10个引物共检测到79条清晰的谱带,其中多样性条带65条,多样性条带百分率(PPB)为82.28%;POPGENE32分析显示,其物种水平平均有效等位基因数(Ne)平均值为2.12;Nei’s遗传多样性指数(h*)平均值为0.35;Shannon多样性指数(I*)平均值为0.56;居群水平总的遗传多样性指数(Ht)为0.51,其中68.63%(Hs=0.35)的遗传分化来自于居群内,31.37%的遗传分化来自于居群间(GST=0.31),居群间基因流(Nm)为1.10。本研究表明野生珊瑚菜具有较高的遗传多样性,且居群内变异大于居群间变异。由此推断珊瑚菜的濒危原因主要来源于野生生态环境的破坏,应当加强种质资源的保护。     

红檵木的花器构造与花粉生活力的研究

通过对红檵木花器构造和花粉形态观察，并测定其花粉粒的形态、可染率和萌发率。结果表明：花药开裂第1天的花粉生活力与第2d、第3d相比差异显著。花粉管萌发的适宜pH值为6．0-6．5。