木材科学与技术研究新进展

木材作为世界四大基础材料中(钢铁、水泥、塑料、木材)唯一的可再生资源,广泛应用于家具、建筑、能源、新材料等领域,与人们的生活息息相关,已成为国民经济重要支柱产业.从木材微观分子生物学到宏观木结构,再到新型木质纳米材料进行全面阐释,对于木材科学与技术领域的基础理论研究和重大核心技术突破具有重要指导意义.木材科学与技术已发...     

单层柱面正交异型网壳的非线性动力稳定全过程分析

单层网壳的稳定性能是该种结构设计的主要控制因素,动力稳定是单层网壳稳定性能的主要组成部分。该文利用非线性有限元理论,对单层柱面正交网壳在地震荷载作用下的动力稳定全过程进行了分析。在数值分析过程中,利用比例法调整地震作用的峰值加速度,采用B-R准则判定结构的动力稳定临界荷载。通过分析对单层柱面正交网壳的动力屈曲前后过程有了一个较为全面的了解。     

Asterosaponins: Structures,Taxonomic Distribution,Biogenesis and Biological Activities

Asterosaponins are a class of steroid oligoglycosides isolated from starfish with characteristic structures and diverse biological activities. In this review, we have attempted to combine the most important data concerning asterosaponins and give a list of these secondary metabolites with their structural peculiarities. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief but as complete as possible principal information about their chemical structures, taxonomic distribution in the marine environment, distribution in different geographical areas and depths, some properties, biological activities, and functions. Some other rare steroid metabolites from starfish, closely related in structures and probably biogenesis to asterosaponins, are also discussed.     

Bowman-Birk型大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂研究进展

阐述Bowman-Birk型大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(BBI)的分子结构、作用机制,并对其在医药领域、饲料工业及植物抗虫害等方面的研究进展进行了综述和展望.     

Microbial communities in various waters used for fish larval rearing

A major concern in larvae production is a mass mortality caused by fish diseases. In larvae production, pumped‐up natural seawater filtered through a sand filter system is used for fish rearing, and microalgae and rotifer cultures. Here, we investigated the community structures of eukaryotic microbes, as well as total bacteria and vibrios, in various processed ‘waters’ used in a larvae production site. We observed that ultraviolet irradiation of seawater was effective to reduce not only total bacteria and vibrios but also eukaryotic microbes. Moreover, the community structures of total bacteria and vibrios in rearing waters for fish larvae were different from those in rotifer cultures fed with Chlorella, but rather similar to those in natural seawater and microalgae cultures. These results suggest that the bacterial community in rearing waters may originate mainly from natural seawater and then be selected by microalgae in rearing water. Overall, this study provides useful information for avoiding the risk of fish disease outbreaks in a larvae production site.     

绿地中构筑物景观规划设计研究

构筑物景观在绿地景观中占有很大比例,在凸显主题、弘扬文化、视线引导等方面起着举足轻重的作用。通过预调查,筛选出大众关注度高的构筑物景观类别,设计这些构筑物的二级或三级指标,并进行系统调查研究,借助SPSS 主成分分析法以及Likert 态度量表分析法对调查数据进行处理,获得大众评价。大众对构筑物的心理诉求可以概括为自然、温和、灵动、艺术和高的性价比。在此基础上,结合设计实践,提出迎合大众心理诉求的构筑物设计方案,以便为相关设计提供参考。     

气动侧摆关节的动态特性

针对目前气动关节存在的缺点,提出了采用气动柔性驱动器(flexible pneumatic actuator,FPA)直接驱动,模拟人手指侧摆运动的侧摆关节。介绍了侧摆关节的工作原理。根据热力学第一定律,结合关节的动力学方程,推导建立了关节的转角及输出力矩的动态模型,并进行了仿真分析研究了关节的动态特性;试验研究了侧摆关节的动态特性,分析了关节转角及输出力矩的实际动态响应较慢原因;采用了串联双闭环控制方法,对关节的转角及输出力矩进行了控制研究,结果表明:期望角度为15°时,关节转角闭环动态响应时间约为0.3s,稳态相对偏差小于0.65%;期望输出力矩为188N?mm时,闭环输出力矩动态响应约为0.3s,稳态相对偏差小于1.5%。侧摆关节可控性高,可满足多指灵巧手关节设计要求。     

烤烟根际微生物群落结构及其动态变化的研究

选择贵州省三种典型的植烟土壤———中性紫色土、黄壤和黄色石灰土为对象,研究了烤烟根际微生物群落结构及其动态变化。结果表明,在烤烟生长过程中,根际细菌的数量在团棵期最低,然后逐渐增加,现蕾期达到峰值,进而又逐渐减少;放线菌和真菌数量从团棵期到成熟期呈增长趋势。土壤类型不同,根际细菌和放线菌的数量不一样,黄壤>黄色石灰土>中性紫色土;真菌数量,中性紫色土>黄壤>黄色石灰土。烤烟根际微生物的种群多样性及其变化在不同土壤中表现也不一样,相对于黄壤和黄色石灰土,在中性紫色土中,根际微生物的优势种群数目较多,根际细菌和放线菌种群更具多样性,而且较稳定,表明其群落结构更为合理,这可能与中性紫色土上的烟草青枯病发生率较低有一定关系。     

含植被坡面水动力学特性的实验研究

基于水槽试验,系统的研究了在5种流量、3种植被组合和3种覆盖密度情况下的坡面流的水力参数、水力因子间的关系和阻力规律.结果表明,坡面流一般为湍流,植被的存在增强了坡面流的湍流强度.平均流速与单宽流量幂函数相关,且拟合结果良好.柔性植被对流速的减缓作用大于刚性植被.柔性植被坡面和刚性植被坡面的阻力系数均随雷诺数的增加呈幂...