不同水分处理对胡麻干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响

在大田试验条件下,以陇亚杂1号为材料,设置不灌水(CK)、分茎水80 mm(T1)、分茎水60 mm+盛花水40 mm(T2)、分茎水80 mm+盛花水40 mm(T3)、分茎水60 mm+现蕾水40 mm+盛花水40 mm(T4)5个处理,研究了不同水分处理对胡麻干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量及其水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,灌水处理显著提高开花后干物质的积累量和开花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率,以T2处理最高,分别增加了91.37%、45.09%;灌水量过多显著减少光合产量向籽粒的分配,使籽粒产量降低;随灌水量增加,胡麻全生育期耗水量显著增大,籽粒产量先升高后降低,灌水利用效率显著降低;T2处理的产量和水分利用效率显著高于其他处理,分别比CK增加了40.72%、11.71%。综合考虑胡麻的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,T2处理为本试验条件下高产节水的最佳灌水处理。     

防除南方亚麻田杂草的除草剂筛选

本文概述了9种除草剂对南方亚麻田杂草的田间防治效果,通过田间试验表明,二甲四氯钠、敌草胺、异丙甲草胺、精异丙甲草胺4种除草剂对亚麻田杂草的防除效果理想,速效株防效分别为82.05%,79.49%,82.05%,82.05%;5个月后的株防效在68%以上,鲜重防效在41%以上,且对亚麻无药害,药剂持效期长达半年,可在南方亚麻田杂草防除中推广应用。     

Egg quality,fatty-acid composition and gastrointestinal morphology of layer hens fed whole flaxseed with enzyme supplementation

1. Flaxseed is a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n–3). Feeding flaxseed to hens can increase n–3 fatty acids (FA) in eggs. However, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in flaxseed decrease nutrient digestibility and can have a negative impact on egg n–3 FA incorporation. Addition of carbohydrase enzymes to flaxseed-based diets can decrease the anti-nutritive effects of NSP.

2. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of enzyme supplementation on FA composition and gastrointestinal morphology in hens fed flaxseed. A total of seventy-two, 51-week old brown layer hens were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (six replicates with three hens per replicate): corn-soybean based diet containing 0% flax (Control), 10% flax (Flax), Flax+0.05% enzyme (Flax+E1), or Flax+0.1% enzyme (Flax+E2) in a 120-day feeding trial.

3. Egg weight was highest in hens fed Flax+E1 (P < 0.05). Yolk weight was higher in Flax+E1 compared with the control and Flax+E2 and was not different from Flax treatment. ALA and total n–3 FA was highest in eggs from Flax+E2 hens (P < 0.05). Addition of enzyme has no effect of on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), total long chain (>20-C FA), or n–6:n–3 FA ratio in eggs from hens fed flaxseed-based diets (P > 0.05). Over nine-fold increase in hepatic ALA was observed in the liver of hens fed flaxseed-based diets when compared with the control diet (P < 0.0001). No effect of enzyme supplementation was observed on liver ALA, DHA or long chain n–3 FA (P > 0.05). Enzyme supplementation reduced arachidonic acid, total n–6 and LC n–6 FA in liver tissue from hens fed flaxseed-based diets (P > 0.05).

4. Villi height and width was higher in the duodenum and jejunum of hens fed flax-based diets compared to the control (P < 0.05). Enzyme supplementation led to an increase in villi width in jejunum (P < 0.05) in hens fed Flax+E2 (P < 0.05). No effect of diet was observed in the crypt depth and villi height:crypt depth ratio in the jejunum (P > 0.05).

5. It was concluded that enzyme supplementation enhanced total n–3 FA deposition in eggs and liver and influence gastrointestinal morphology in layer hens fed flaxseed.     

三叶木通籽亚麻酸的提取分离研究

以提取与纯化三叶木通亚麻酸为目的,采用不同溶剂提取脂肪酸,探讨脱蛋白的乙醇浓度以及脱色时使用活性炭的比例,筛选脂肪酸脱蛋白和脱色的最佳条件,达到初步除杂的目的。同时进行了冷冻结晶的正交实验,进一步纯化亚麻酸,并采用气相色谱法检测。结果表明:石油醚是三叶木通籽提取亚麻酸的最好溶剂,粗脂肪的得率为31.8%,γ—亚麻酸的含量为35.42%,粗脂肪酸经过脱色、脱蛋白初步除杂后,γ—亚麻酸含量有所提高,经过冷冻结晶纯化后,γ—亚麻酸含量可达42.40%。     

洞庭湖区冬播亚麻施肥技术研究

为促进南方冬季油纤兼用亚麻产业,采用氮、磷、钾不同配比的施肥方式共设置了14个施肥处理,通过对2个品种在不同试验点进行不同施肥处理比较试验,以便筛选出最适合洞庭湖区当地亚麻种植的施肥方案。结果表明：在低洼试点与旱地试点中通过合理的施肥调控油纤兼用亚麻可获得高产,表现最好的亚麻品种是‘轮选2号’。在低洼试点中,原茎产量最高达7000.30 kg/hm²,种子产量高达538.90 kg/hm²;在旱地试点中,原茎产量达5520.30 kg/hm²,种子产量达424.96 kg/hm²。在施肥技术方面,针对于低洼稻田种植‘中亚麻2号’的最佳施肥为N₂P₀K₂ N 400 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 15 kg/hm²、K₂O 125 kg/hm²);‘轮选2号’的最佳施肥为N₂P₂K₀ N 350 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 25 kg/hm²、K₂O不施用。而针对于旱地地区中,‘中亚麻2号’以N₂P₂K₀ (N 375 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 52.5 kg/hm²、K₂O不施用最好;‘轮选2号’以N₂P₀K₂ (N 400 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 10 kg/hm²、K₂O 150 kg/hm²)最好。     

Genetic diversity in camelina germplasm as revealed by seed quality characteristics and RAPD polymorphism

Camelina is an alternative oilseed crop species with limited information about the origin and diversity of available germplasm. Therefore, a set of 130 camelina accessions from a world collection was evaluated for oil content, protein content and 1000‐seed weight in field experiments grown in three macro‐environments in Austria. Based on phenotypic data, accessions were categorized into four groups with different seed characteristics using k‐means cluster analysis or principal component extraction. Subsequently, a representative set of 41 accessions was subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Of 24 primers, 15 were polymorphic producing a total of 30 marker loci. Genetic distance estimates between the 41 accessions were calculated, based both on RAPD polymorphism and on seed quality characteristics, and dendrograms were generated for comparison. Similarities were found between the two different clustering approaches, and grouping was partly in agreement with pedigree information or geographic origin. However, as the two estimates of diversity sampled different segments of the genome, i.e. regions coding for seed characteristics or phenotypically neutral genomic regions highlighted by discrete markers, the correlation between the two distance matrices was low.     

优良亚麻品种综合评价

对12个国内外优良品种进行了综合评价，从产量指标和主要经济性状方面进行分析，阐明了国内外品种各自优势。从经济效益角度，得出结论认为：黑亚16、13、14可作为首选的主栽品种，品系2005-1、2004-1和Agatha可作为搭配品种在低洼、河套地区进行种植。     

浅谈亚麻产业发展概况与前景

介绍了亚麻纤维和种子的用途、国内外亚麻种植情况以及亚麻产业的发展前景，针对目前存在的问题提出了一些发展对策。     

我国纤维亚麻行业发展综述

本文介绍了我国亚麻生产和科研现状，分析了亚麻生产的差距。受中欧、中美亚麻纺织贸易摩擦的影响，我国亚麻种植面积近年有所减少。同时介绍了亚麻科研取得的进步，亚麻育种手段的创新的结果。常规育种与生物技术的结合成为了我国亚麻育种的主要手段，亚麻品种产质量的提高缩短了同国外先进水平的差距。     

旱地胡麻与葵花间种高产栽培技术研究

该项目通过1996～1999年旱地胡麻-葵花田间试验和示范资料,采用裂区设计方法,得出在山区丘岭坡地、旱塬地胡麻与向日葵间作的适宜带比为7：3,胡麻带（葵花带）最佳施肥处理每公顷施磷酸二铵22.5 kg（24.0 kg）,普磷162.0 kg（168.0 kg）,尿素25.5 kg（67.5 kg）。胡麻-向日葵间作后日照条件对胡麻正常发育没有构成影响,胡麻带的土壤水分高于对照田近2%,间作后投入：产出=1：3.5。对间作作物的增产原因进行了探讨。通过研究得出胡麻-葵花间作高产栽培技术措施。