数据仓库逻辑建模的初步探讨

针对逻辑建模在数据仓库构建过程中的重要性,介绍了数据仓库创建的基本步骤,并利用实例深入而详细地研究了逻辑模型的设计,分析了几种逻辑模型的特点及其使用场合。     

日粮中添加NCG对妊娠前期鄂尔多斯细毛羊血液、尿囊液和羊水中氨基酸浓度的影响

为了研究日粮中添加NCG(N-氨甲酰谷氨酸)对妊娠前期鄂尔多斯细毛羊血液、尿囊液和羊水中氨基酸浓度的影响,试验选择年龄、胎次和体况相近、平均体重为50.62±0.52 kg的受孕鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊40只,随机分为3组(NCG1组饲喂基础日粮+0.30 g NCG/d(n=13),NCG2组饲喂基础日粮+0.40 g N...     

EC细网格模式2m气温预报产品在崂山地区的验证

选取2015—2019年青岛市崂山区10个气象自动站的日气温数据和EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品,验证EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品最低温度和最高温度在青岛崂山地区的准确率,同时分析崂山地区温度的时间、空间分布特征,对预报产品进行订正,在实际业务中进行推广,提高预报的准确率,做好公众气象服务。结果表明,气温存在年变化差异和季节内差异,同一种温度下,春季和夏季的区域分布比较类似,秋季和冬季的区域分布比较类似;崂山区内EC细网格24 h最低温度预报值偏高,最高温度预报值偏低,最低温度的预报总体准确率比最高温度的预报总体准确率要高,西部地区的预报准确率要高于东部地区的准确率;通过订正后,发现最低温度4个季节的预报准确率都在50%以上,最高温度订正后的准确率,除夏季59%以外,其他各季节均在75%以上。     

Predicting the potential geographic distribution of Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Diptera: Tephritidae) in China using MaxEnt ecological niche modeling

Bactrocera bryoniae and Bactrocera neohumeralis are highly destructive and major biosecurity/quarantine pests of fruit and vegetable in the tropical and subtropical regions in the South Pacific and Australia. Although these pests have not established in China, precautions must be taken due to their highly destructive nature. Thus, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis across the world and in particular China by ecological niche modeling of the Maximum Entropy(Max Ent) model with the occurrence records of these two species. Bactrocera bryoniae and B. neohumeralis exhibit similar potential geographic distribution ranges across the world and in China, and each species was predicted to be able to distribute to over 20% of the globe. Globally, the potential geographic distribution ranges for these two fruit fly species included southern Asia, the central and the southeast coast of Africa, southern North America, northern and central South America, and Australia. While within China, most of the southern Yangtze River area was found suitable for these species. Notably, southern China was considered to have the highest risk of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis invasions. Our study identifies the regions at high risk for potential establishment of B. bryoniae and B. neohumeralis in the world and in particular China, and informs the development of inspection and biosecurity/quarantine measures to prevent and control their invasions.     

Mapping the current and future distributions of Onosma species endemic to Iran

Climate change may cause shifts in the natural range of species especially for those that are geographically restricted and/or endemic species. In this study, the spatial distribution of five endemic and threatened species belonging to the genus Onosma (including O. asperrima, O. bisotunensis, O. kotschyi, O. platyphylla, and O. straussii) was investigated under present and future climate change scenarios: RCP2.6 (RCP, representative concentration pathway; optimistic scenario) and RCP8.5 (pessimistic scenario) for the years 2050 and 2080 in Iran. Analysis was conducted using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to provide a basis for the protection and conservation of these species. Seven environmental variables including aspect, depth of soil, silt content, slope, annual precipitation, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and annual temperature range were used as main predictors in this study. The model output for the potential habitat suitability of the studied species showed acceptable performance for all species (i.e., the area under the curve (AUC)>0.800). According to the models generated by MaxEnt, the potential current patterns of the species were consistent with the observed areas of distributions. The projected climate maps under optimistic and pessimistic scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively) of 2050 and 2080 resulted in reductions and expansions as well as positive range changes for all species in comparison to their current predicted distributions. Among all species, O. bisotunensis showed the most significant and highest increase under the pessimistic scenario of 2050 and 2080. Finally, the results of this study revealed that the studied plant species have shown an acute adaptability to environmental changes. The results can provide useful information to managers to apply appropriate strategies for the management and conservation of these valuable Iranian medicinal and threatened plant species in the future.     

Improving wood volume predictions in dry tropical forest in the semi-arid Brazil

The volumetric variability of dry tropical forests in Brazil and the scarcity of studies on the subject show the need for the development of techniques that make it possible to obtain adequate and accurate wood volume estimates. In this study, we analyzed a database of thinning trees from a forest management plan in the Contendas de Sincorá National Forest, southwestern Bahia State, Brazil. The data set included a total of 300 trees with a trunk diameter ranging from 5 to 52 cm. Adjustments, validation and statistical selection of four volumetric models were performed. Due to the difference in height values for the same diameter and the low correlation between both variables, we do not suggest models which only use the diameter at breast height (DBH) variable as a predictor because they accommodate the largest estimation errors. In comparing the best single entry model (Hohenald-Krenn) with the Spurr model (best fit model), it is noted that the exclusion of height as a predictor causes the values of 136.44 and 0.93 for Akaike information criterion (AIC) and adjusted determination coefficient (R2 adj), which are poorer than the second best model (Schumacher-Hall). Regarding the minimum sample size, errors in estimation (root mean square error (RMSE) and bias) of the best model decrease as the sample size increases, especially when a larger number of trees with DBH≥15.0 cm are randomly sampled. Stratified sampling by diameter class produces smaller volume prediction errors than random sampling, especially when considering all trees. In summary, the Spurr and Schumacher-Hall models perform better. These models suggest that the total variance explained in the estimates is not less than 95%, producing reliable forecasts of the total volume with shell. Our estimates indicate that the bias around the average is not greater than 7%. Our results support the decision to use regression methods to build models and estimate their parameters, seeking stratification strategies in diameter classes for the sample trees. Volume estimates with valid confidence intervals can be obtained using the Spurr model for the studied dry forest. Stratified sampling of the data set for model adjustment and selection is necessary, since we find significant results with mean error square root values and bias of up to 70% of the total database.     

2UPR-RPU过约束并联机构刚度性能评价

运用螺旋理论和应变能方法研究了具有2R1T三自由度的2UPR-RPU过约束并联机构的静弹性刚度性能,模型考虑了杆件和关节的柔度。首先,基于螺旋理论得到分支的约束螺旋系;其次,基于材料力学得到分支中杆件的应变能,通过映射分支约束螺旋系到铰空间得到关节的应变能,通过汇总杆件、关节的应变能和卡氏定理得到与约束螺旋系对应的分支紧凑刚度矩阵;最后,通过虚功原理得到机构的总体刚度矩阵。采用有限元商业软件建立了有限元模型,并与理论模型进行对比,验证了理论模型的正确性。定义弹性元件存储的应变能与总应变能之比作为应变能因子指标,给出了应变能因子指标在规则工作空间的四维切片分布图,从应变能的角度定量评价了各弹性元件对机构刚度性能的影响程度,给出了不同载荷作用下的全局应变能因子指标。本研究为定位对机构刚度性能影响最大的弹性元件提供了新的思路。     

大棚温室作物需水量计算模型研究进展

对目前国内外大棚温室作物需水量计算模型的研究进展进行了归纳总结,在此基础上指出：基于不同气候（主要是室内外气候耦合的相关度）条件下应使用不同的计算模型,并建议对大棚温室微气候复杂的动态系统进行数值模拟及建模,有利于进一步提高计算室内作物需水量模型的精度。     

Semi-Synthesis,Cytotoxic Evaluation,and Structure—Activity Relationships of Brefeldin A Derivatives with Antileukemia Activity

Brefeldin A (1), a potent cytotoxic natural macrolactone, was produced by the marine fungus Penicillium sp. (HS-N-29) from the medicinal mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius. Series of its ester derivatives 2–16 were designed and semi-synthesized, and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line in vitro, and the preliminary structure–activity relationships revealed that the hydroxy group played an important role. Moreover, the monoester derivatives exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than the diester derivatives. Among them, brefeldin A 7-O-2-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoate (7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K562 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 0.84 µM. Further evaluations indicated that 7 induced cell cycle arrest, stimulated cell apoptosis, inhibited phosphorylation of BCR-ABL, and thereby inactivated its downstream AKT signaling pathway. The expression of downstream signaling molecules in the AKT pathway, including mTOR and p70S6K, was also attenuated after 7-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular modeling of 7 docked into 1 binding site of an ARF1–GDP-GEF complex represented well-tolerance. Taken together, 7 had the potential to be served as an effective antileukemia agent or lead compound for further exploration.     

All-around 3D plant modeling system using multiple images and its composition

In this study, we developed an all-around 3D plant modeling system that operates using images and is capable of measuring plants non-destructively without any contact. During the fabrication of this device, we selected a method capable of performing 3D model reconstruction from multiple images. We then developed an improved SfM-MVS (Structure from Motion / Multi-View-Stereo) method that enables 3D reconstruction by simply capturing images with a camera. The resulting image-based method offers a high degree of freedom because the hardware and software can comprise commercially available products, and it permits the use of one or more cameras according to the shape and size of the plant. The advantages of the image-based method are that 3D reconstruction can be conducted at any time as long as the images are already taken, and that the desired locations can be observed, measured, and analyzed from 2D images and a 3D point cloud. The device we developed is capable of 3D measurements and modeling of plants from a few millimeters to 2.4 m of height using this method. This article explains this device, the principles of its composition, and the accuracy of the models obtained from it.