角速度计检测信号数字滤波处理的研究

我们曾采用压电式陀螺仪角速度计检测行走车辆的角速度。但由于行走车发动机的振动、路面不平等因素的影响，在获得的信号中混有噪声，因而存在一定的误差。为了提高检测信号精度，有必要消除器器声。我们针对上述问题，采用数字滤波的软件实现方法来消除噪声，提高检测精度。对由实验所获得的数据进行了有、无数字滤波处理的对比分析，获得了较好的结果。这表明本研究通过软件的方法，既提高了检测精度，又降低了硬件成本。     

外包滤料对暗管排水与土壤脱盐效果的影响

为了探究不同外包滤料条件下的暗管排水性能和土壤脱盐效果,基于室内试验研究成果,在田间设置4种暗管排水系统(各系统中暗管埋深均为80 cm,间距均为20 m),所用外包滤料分别为68 g/m²土工布(L)、砂滤料(S)、68 g/m²土工布+砂滤料(LS)和无外包滤料(W),以当地常规明沟排水(CK)作为对照,通过田间试验分析了春灌过程中各暗管系统的排水性能指标及土壤脱盐效率.结果表明:相比处理W,处理L,S和LS平均排水速率提升了7.44%,12.55%和15.75%,平均流量衰减度降低4.07%;处理S和LS累积排水量提高了5.11%和8.31%(P<0.05).各暗管处理春灌后平均土壤脱盐率均达47%以上,较CK提升显著,其中处理LS效果最优,为50.94%.综上,应优先选择处理LS作为河套灌区暗管排水系统外包滤料布设方案.该研究结果可为河套灌区暗管排盐技术的推广应用提供理论支撑和科学指导.     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

基于Kalman滤波农用车辆导航定位方法

因RTD-GPS定位精度不能满足农田导航作业的需要,研究了一种提高农用车辆自动导航定位精度的方法.建立天线补偿模型,对GPS天线晃动引起的误差进行了补偿;建立基于Kalman滤波模型,融合多传感器信息;使用自主开发的基于VRS的GPS接收机,作为RTD-GPS.将RTD-GPS、电子罗盘以及速度传感器获得信息进行Kalman滤波,其结果和高精度GPS数据进行了比较.实验证明,直线跟踪中,平均偏差由1.6019m减小到0.597m;曲线跟踪中,平均偏差由1.2085m减小到0.4861m.     

Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) mortality in relation to the winter mixed layer depth in the Kuroshio Extension region

A drastic population change in Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) has been noted as being related to winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio Extension region. The former studies suggest two possible explanations. One is that temperature itself affects sardine. The other is that SST represents the environmental change of the Kuroshio Extension region and other causes directly affecting sardine. In this study, we found that sardine mortality from post‐larva to age 1 negatively correlated with the winter mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Kuroshio Extension region from 1979 to 1993. During the period of a deep winter mixed layer (during the early 1980s), sardine mortality was low, whereas mortality was high when the winter mixed layer was shallow (during the late 1980s to early 1990s). By using a lower trophic‐level ecosystem model forced by the observed time series of MLD, SST, light intensity and nutrient data, we found that the estimated spring zooplankton density drastically varies from year to year and has a significant negative correlation with sardine mortality. The inter‐annual variation of spring zooplankton density is caused by the winter MLD variation. During the deep winter mixed layer years, a phytoplankton bloom occurs in spring, whereas during the shallow winter mixed layer years, the bloom occurs in winter. The results of our study suggest that the decline in the Japanese sardine population during the late 1980s to early 1990s was due to an insufficient spring food supply in the Kuroshio Extension region where sardine larvae and juvenile are transported.     

中小功率内燃机空气滤清器的应用现状

综述了与空气滤清器研究有关的文献,主要包括空气滤清器的原理,研究现状及发展趋势,并在此基础上提出未来一些课题的可能研究方向.     

基于Kinect动态手势识别的机械臂实时位姿控制系统

基于Kinect动态手势识别达到实时控制机械臂末端位姿的效果。位置控制信息的获取采用Kinect计算手部4个关节点在控制中的位置变动,数据噪声在控制中易引起机械臂误动作和运动振动等问题,为了避免噪声对实时控制的不利影响,采用卡尔曼滤波跟踪降噪。姿势控制信息通过采集手部点云经滤波处理后应用最小二乘拟合的方式获取掌心所在平面,运用迭代器降噪处理。系统通过对手部位置和姿势信息的整合、手势到机械臂空间坐标映射及运动学求解来实时控制机械臂末端位姿。实验结果证明,手势控制系统满足控制要求,简单、易于操作,机械臂实时响应速度快、运动准确。     

基于自压滴灌工程过滤装置尺寸的确定及应用

由于新疆牧业灌区无电供应,水源无法过滤,实现滴灌工程难,目前采用地面灌溉。地形坡度大、灌水量多、大量水土流失。灌区下游排水不畅,洼地沼泽化面积剧增,地下水位上升导致土壤盐碱化,弃田面积逐渐扩大、种植面积萎缩。为了解决上述问题,充分利用地形落差,研制了自压滴灌工程过滤装置。同时渠道进水流量、调水池的调节流量、集水桶流量及系统流量之间建立了平衡关系。用实例说明不同地形落差与自压滴灌工程系统流量及过滤装置尺寸的计算过程。解决了自压滴灌工程水源的过滤、排沙、冲沙及自行冲洗等问题。为无电牧业灌区实现节水灌溉技术提供依据。     

感应式高压静电喷头雾滴荷电效果影响因素分析

为研究如何在有限的充电电压下获得良好的雾滴荷电效果,首先建立了雾滴荷电过程的等效模型,对影响雾滴荷电效果的关键性参数进行理论推导;然后采取圆环形和仿形两种电极形式,取3个高压电极的关键性技术参数,设计4种不同的高压电极方案;最后配合2、2.5mm两种不同的绝缘层厚度,为雾锥角为80°的空心圆锥雾喷头TR 80-04设计了8种不同的高压静电罩,用网状目标法与法拉第筒法结合的荷质比测量系统对其荷电比进行测量,以荷质比评价其荷电效果的优劣。结果证明:理论分析与试验研究达到了良好的一致性,仿形电极的荷电效果明显优于圆环形电极,且电极宽度、电极中心到喷口的轴向距离与雾滴荷质比正相关,为高压静电罩的合理设计提供了可靠的理论和试验依据。     

水肥耦合条件下小麦田根系层土壤总磷迁移特征

以小麦为研究对象,通过田间小区试验对生育期内水肥耦合条件下小麦根系层(0~100 cm)总磷浓度迁移过程的监测,系统分析了不同灌水量(高水7.6 mm、低水6.1 mm)及不同施肥量下(高肥125 kg/hm~2、低肥75 kg/hm~2)总磷在根系层的迁移转化规律。