含Cd磷肥不同施用量对水稻产量及Cd累积的影响

采用2年大田试验,研究低镉(Cd)磷肥不同施用量对水稻产量及地上部Cd累积的影响。结果表明,施低Cd磷肥显著增加水稻稻谷和稻秆产量,但不同施磷量间稻谷产量差异不显著。随施磷量的增加,稻谷Cd含量呈先增加后下降的趋势,但均在国家粮食卫生控制标准0.2 mg·kg-1规定内。当施磷(P2O5)量为63 kg·hm-2时,稻谷Cd含量及稻谷、茎叶和地上部Cd累积量最高,显著高于对照;但施磷量增至252 kg·hm-2时,稻谷Cd含量与对照相当,而茎叶Cd含量显著下降。水稻对磷肥中Cd的吸收率随施磷量的增加而显著下降。当施磷量低于81 kg·hm-2时,水稻地上部对磷肥中Cd的吸收率超过100%。指数回归方程表明,随磷肥进入土壤的Cd含量基本被水稻地上部完全吸收时的磷肥施用量早、晚稻分别为116.6、174.6 kg·hm-2。因此,生产上按当前适宜施磷量施用,既能兼顾水稻产量,又能保障稻谷和土壤生态安全。     

不同氮、磷、钾水平对苦荞产量和品质的影响

采用3414完全施肥方案以黔苦6号为试验对象,测定其株高等生物学性状和籽粒中部分营养保健成分(总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、黄酮)的含量。结果表明,不同的N、P、K配比对黔苦6号的产量及品质有明显的影响。黔苦6号的株高、主茎分枝和主茎节数在N2P2K2时最高,单株粒数在N2P3K2处理最多,单株粒重和亩产量在N2P2K1处理最高,千粒重在N2P1K1处理最高;总淀粉含量在N2P1K2处理最高,在N0P0K0处理最低;直链淀粉含量在N0P0K0处理最高、N2P0K2处理时最低;支链淀粉在N1P2K1处理最高;黄酮含量在N0P2K2处理最高,支链淀粉和黄酮含量在N0P0K0处理最低。综合产量和品质的研究结果,认为N2P2K1水平处理在14个处理中最好,而通过通过三元二次肥料效应函数和一元二次肥料效应函数,得到的施肥信息其施肥量及产量为:N,75.62 kg·hm-2;P,24 kg·hm-2;K,17.21 kg·hm-2;Y,1539.95 kg·hm-2。     

钾硅肥配施对胡麻茎秆碳水化合物及抗倒性的影响

为明确钾硅肥施用对胡麻茎秆碳水化合物主要成分含量及抗倒伏特性的影响,探讨钾硅肥运筹调控胡麻茎秆抗倒伏能力的机制,选用裂区试验设计进行了研究,以两个品种为主处理,三个K2O钾肥用量(K0:不施钾;K1:52.5 kg/hm2;K2:105 kg/hm2)为副处理,两个SiO2硅肥用量(Si0:不施硅;Si1:90 kg/...     

异粒包膜控释肥料氮素释放特性的研究

按照商品控释肥料的核芯肥料之粒级进行混配,利用底喷流化包膜技术制造出异粒包膜控释肥。通过静水培养试验,分别测得不同粒径控释肥料0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、14、21、28、56 d的氮素释放率,探讨粒径对氮素释放率、膜芯比等的影响。结果表明,随着粒径增加,氮素释放率明显降低,培养1 d,2～3、3～4、4～5 mm粒径控释肥料的氮素释放率依次为26.9%、4.45%、1.26%; 2～3 mm粒径的控释肥料的控释期只有4 d,3～4 mm为28 d,4～5 mm的大于56 d。培养过程,即控释肥料氮素释放过程,前期释放的氮素主要来自3 mm粒径的控释肥料。粒径大小对膜芯比有极显著的影响,膜芯比随着粒径的增加而增加。2～3 mm粒径控释肥料膜芯比比预设的降低15.58%,3～4 mm的降低了4.29%; 而4～5 mm的膜芯比则比设计的增加了5.65％。因此要保证控释肥料产品的质量,核芯肥料的粒级是必须控制的重要因素之一。     

小麦化肥减施与不同轮作方式的周年养分平衡及经济效益分析

[目的]研究小麦化肥减量条件下不同轮作方式土壤养分平衡及经济效益差异,探索适宜陕西关中小麦玉米轮作区的小麦轮作方式,为减少化肥投入,提高农民经济收入提供思路与科学依据.[方法]于2018-2020年在陕西武功镇开展田间试验,随机区组设计.设玉米-小麦轮作农户施肥(CWF)、玉米-小麦轮作推荐施肥(CWR)、绿肥-小麦轮...     

Short-term competition between crop plants and soil microbes for inorganic N fertilizer

Agricultural systems that receive high amounts of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer in the form of either ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻) or a combination thereof are expected to differ in soil N transformation rates and fates of NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻. Using ¹⁵N tracer techniques this study examines how crop plants and soil microbes vary in their ability to take up and compete for fertilizer N on a short time scale (hours to days). Single plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Morex) were grown on two agricultural soils in microcosms which received either NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻ or NH₄NO₃. Within each fertilizer treatment traces of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ and ¹⁵NO₃⁻ were added separately. During 8 days of fertilization the fate of fertilizer ¹⁵N into plants, microbial biomass and inorganic soil N pools as well as changes in gross N transformation rates were investigated. One week after fertilization 45-80% of initially applied ¹⁵N was recovered in crop plants compared to only 1-10% in soil microbes, proving that plants were the strongest competitors for fertilizer N. In terms of N uptake soil microbes out-competed plants only during the first 4 h of N application independent of soil and fertilizer N form. Within one day microbial N uptake declined substantially, probably due to carbon limitation. In both soils, plants and soil microbes took up more NO₃⁻ than NH₄⁺ independent of initially applied N form. Surprisingly, no inhibitory effect of NH₄⁺ on the uptake and assimilation of nitrate in both, plants and microbes, was observed, probably because fast nitrification rates led to a swift depletion of the ammonium pool. Compared to plant and microbial NH₄⁺ uptake rates, gross nitrification rates were 3-75-fold higher, indicating that nitrifiers were the strongest competitors for NH₄⁺ in both soils. The rapid conversion of NH₄⁺ to NO₃⁻ and preferential use of NO₃⁻ by soil microbes suggest that in agricultural systems with high inorganic N fertilizer inputs the soil microbial community could adapt to high concentrations of NO₃⁻ and shift towards enhanced reliance on NO₃⁻ for their N supply.     

穴盘育苗基质的养分供应对万寿菊和矮牵牛种苗生长的影响

育苗基质中适量的养分供应是培育优质壮苗的关键.选用东北草炭和蛭石4:1配制基质,运用正交试验设计,加入不同浓度的氮、磷、钾肥料,进行了万寿菊和矮牵牛穴盘育苗研究.结果表明,不同浓度配比氮、磷、钾肥料对两种草花种苗生长的影响不同.低氮中磷钾(O.1kg/m3 N、0.4kg/m3 P2O5、0.4kg/m3K2O)和低氮高磷钾(0.1kg/m3 N、0.8kg/m3 P205、0.8kg/m3 K2O)下,2种草花生长最快,接近或超过进口基质;万寿菊和矮牵牛种苗分别以低N中P高K(N 0.2kg/m3、P205 0.4 kg/m3、K20 0.8kg/m3)和中N高P高Km 0.4kg/m3、P205 0.8kg/m3、K20 0.8kg/m3)育苗效果最好.     

数据挖掘的技术特点及发展现状

首先给出数据挖掘所涉及的技术领域及其研究特点，介绍了数据仓库与一般事务数据库的区别，基于对典型数据挖掘算法的基本原理、实现技术及应用领域的分析，论证了数据挖掘是当前信息技术的一个核心研究内容。文章的最后给出了未来数据挖掘的研究方向及发展趋势。     

吉林省九台市地力现状与主要作物的施肥情况

通过对吉林省九台市土壤养分现状的调查,明确高产作物施肥模式形成的机理,提出适合九台市的施肥模式。     

初探酵素生物菌肥料对盐碱地水稻生长的影响

探讨了大安市盐碱地施酵素生物菌肥料，采用简塑盘大棚育壮秧，浅翻（ 耙） ，洗盐排碱，配施氮、磷、钾、锌肥，综合防治病虫草害等综合栽培措施，水稻公顷产量获得８ ５００ ｋｇ 以上的丰产技术．其产量结构为每平方米穴数为２５ 穴，每平方米穗数６００ 穗，穗总粒数为８７ 粒，结实率为８９ ％ ，千粒重为２７ ．７ ｋｇ ，产量为８ ５００ ｋｇ．