论犯罪的心理机制

犯罪实质上是一种在心理驱使之下的心理之罪。罪的心理根源与机制表现在人的本 能以及正常的或者病态心理对于犯罪的影响。人的本能心理是犯罪的潜在心理机制,人的正常 心理是犯罪的常态心理机制,而病态心理是犯罪的异常心理机制。     

How Messaging Shapes Attitudes toward Sea Otters as a Species at Risk

To address the drivers of biodiversity loss, conservation efforts must attend to public attitudes toward endangered species. Using sea otters as a species at risk, we examined how messaging shapes people’s attitudes toward this species. Participants viewed a message about sea otters that was either positive (sea otters as keystone species), negative (resource conflict with local fishermen), or neutral (biological facts). The impact of the message on people’s attitudes was measured using Kellert’s typology of basic attitudes toward wildlife. We found that the negative message promoted people’s interests in the practical value of sea otters (utilitarian-consumption attitudes), their habitats (utilitarian-habitat attitudes), and control over sea otters (dominionistic attitudes), even though the negative message was perceived as less convincing and believable than positive or neutral messages. The positive message decreased utilitarian-consumption attitudes, and the neutral message decreased utilitarian-habitat attitudes. Our findings suggested that messaging can influence public attitudes toward wildlife.     

Cultured meat in western media: The disproportionate coverage of vegetarian reactions,demographic realities,and implications for cultured meat marketing

This paper examines the media coverage of the 2013 London cultured meat tasting event, particularly in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Using major news outlets, prominent magazines covering food and science issues, and advocacy websites concerning meat consumption, the paper characterizes the overall emphases of the coverage, the tenor of the coverage, and compares the media portrayal of the important issues to the demographic and psychological realities of the actual consumer market into which cultured meat will compete. In particular, the paper argues that Western media gives a distorted picture of what obstacles are in the path of cultured meat acceptance, especially by overemphasizing and overrepresenting the importance of the reception of cultured meat among vegetarians. Promoters of cultured meat should recognize the skewed impression that this media coverage provides and pay attention to the demographic data that suggests strict vegetarians are a demographically negligible group. Resources for promoting cultured meat should focus on the empirical demographics of the consumer market and the empirical psychology of mainstream consumers.     

公共图书馆老年读者阅读心理探微

以笔者所在城市图书馆为例,通过对目前老年人的心理需求、阅读心理及倾向等方面的调查、分析,较为全面地了解和掌握本地区老年人的心理特征和需求,特别是在精神文化层面上的需求,据此有针对性地做好图书馆中老龄人的读者服务工作。     

书刊阅览室读者违规心理分析和对策

分析了在开架借阅的管理模式下,读者产生的几种违规心理,并提出了通过加强宣传教育、建立诚信档案、使规章制度更人性化;同时以身作则,用实际行动感染读者,做好导读工作;以教育为主,区别对待,和读者进行心灵交流,为读者营造舒适的阅览环境,吸收读者参与管理等一系列对策来矫正读者的违规心理。     

乡风文明建设的实践价值

乡风文明建设是建设社会主义新农村的重要内容,就是要在农村建设科学、文明、健康、进取、奋斗、创业、和谐的新风尚、新习气、新面貌,这是农村精神文明建设的重要内容,乡风文明建设坚持的是以人的发展为目标的原则,突出的是农民实践主体性,乡风文明重在建设,贯穿着实践的价值取向,乡风文明建设重在实践.     

自然状态下杉木木材挥发物成分及其对人体身心健康的影响

采用原材料动态顶空套袋采集法以及热脱附、GC-MS等措施,成功地采集与分析了自然状态下杉木木材的挥发物成分,杉木木材挥发物中有35种萜类化合物、15种脂肪族化合物和5种芳香族化合物,萜类化合物的MS强度最高.同时,从药物生理和芳香疗法的角度,初步分析了挥发物对人体生理、心理健康的影响.结果表明,杉木的挥发物中含有许多有益成分,尤其是各种萜类化合物,大多具有良好的生理活性及芳香疗法作用,如能够抗菌、消炎、祛痰、镇咳,以及解除心理上的紧张与疲劳,令人感觉自然、轻松、舒适、愉快等.因而具有改善空气质量,促进人体身心健康的功能.     

心理学在图书馆人本管理中的应用

根据多年图书馆借阅工作的实践,总结出读者和工作人员之间容易产生冲突的主 要原因,指出了如何利用工作人员及读者的心理,寻求更好的解决冲突的途径,以便为读者 提供优质的服务。

     

借阅藏一体化管理模式下读者违规心理浅析

分析了借阅藏一体化管理模式下,读者违规具有无意、垄断、不健康“性”、贪念、仿效、报复、发泄等各种心理。针对学生心理提出了加强宣传力度,建立诚信档案,以教育为主,区别对待。加强内部管理等一系列人性化处理措施来降低读者违规现象。     

识别储粮害虫的“3+3+X”法则

按照现代认知心理学的规律,阐述识别储粮害虫的"3+3+X"法则,即整体看害虫的"体长、体型、体色"3个方面形态特征,重点看害虫的"触角、前胸背板、鞘翅(鳞翅)"3个方面的类型、斑点、花纹等形态特征,特别看害虫的"头部、口器、复眼、腹部、刻点、足、毛、刺"等各种特殊形态特征。构建清晰的识别储粮害虫的逻辑顺序,能有效提高识别的速度与准确度。