提高土壤抗蚀性措施研究

土壤抗蚀性是影响土壤侵蚀最基本的因素之一。提高土壤抗蚀性的措施主要有：提高土壤胶体的含量和质量　；改良土壤结构；采用少耕法　和免耕法耕作；采用秸秆、砂石、作物残茬、　地膜、青草等覆盖耕作法；　提高土壤有机质含量　；种植根系发达的植物。     

五味子的深层次综合开发研究

五味子的深层次综合开发研究孔四新，贾绪初，李延福（河南省济源市水土保持研究所，４５４６５０）五味子，一种盛产于我国广大山区的野果，属木兰科多年生木质藤本植物，因其果具有酸、甜、苦、辛、咸五昧故而得名，历史上多作药用。近年来，这一野生植物的营养保健价值...     

水土保持林体系的时空有序

水土保持林体系的时空有序张淑芝，孙尚海（甘肃省平凉地区水保所，平凉市７４４０００）水保林体系的空间有序包括林种间的分层格局和林种内乔灌草地被物的空间结构。它的空间有序保证了它能立体利用太阳能、土壤养分和二氧化碳组成的绿色植物的热动力系统；它的时间有序...     

旱作多功能精密穴播轮的研究

通过旱作多功能精密穴播轮工作机理的研究,建立了容种、充种、清种、成穴过程相关数学模型,揭示了穴播轮转速、容种高度对播种质量的影响规律。     

Exchangeable potassium and potassium balances in organic crop rotations on a coarse sand

Abstract. Crops on sandy soils (<5% clay) are exposed to K deficiency due to the small release and high leaching losses of K. Reliable tools are needed to improve the K management in cropping systems with limited K input, such as organic farming where import of nutrients are restricted according to the EC regulations. We investigated K balances and exchangeable K (K_exch) changes in an organic crop rotation experiment. Potassium leaching decreased from 42 kg ha⁻¹ in 1998/99 to 21 kg ha⁻¹ in 2000/01 as an average of a crop rotation (spring barley, grass-clover, winter wheat and pea/barley) with manure application and without catch crops. In the same period, spring K_exch decreased from 5.0 to 3.0 mg K 100 g soil⁻¹ (0–20 cm). The retention of the straw K left in the field after harvest increased with decreasing levels of K_exch. The cereal crops did not respond to K application but in the pea/barley mixture the pea yield increased by 46%. The concordance between measured K balances and changes in K_exch was weak. Exchangeable K is suitable as a tool for K management on a rotational basis, and a K_exch above 3 mg 100 g soil⁻¹ in the autumn should be avoided to minimize K leaching.     

香港有机农业发展

有机农业是利用天然再生资源配合环境和生态作用以生产高质量农产品和避免虫害的可持续农业生产方式。在20世纪80年代,有机农业由一些环保团体引入香港;在过去10年间,有机农业广泛引起社会的注意和兴趣。2000年香港政府推出（有机耕作转型计划）,目的主要是为香港农业创造新的生产模式,同时为市民提供多一个新鲜农产品的选择机会。首先介绍有机农业的一些重要概念和香港有机农业的发展过程,然后分析并评论有机耕作转型计划的成功和失败之处。     

黄土旱塬施肥和集雨补灌的效应研究

试验结果表明,在肥料用量和补供水量均相同的情况下,膜侧谷子、地膜玉米的增产量大于膜侧冬小麦的增产效果;果树的增产效果大于粮食作物的增产效果。据此认为,适当压缩粮田面积,扩大果树面积,在粮食作物中压缩冬小麦播种面积,扩大谷子播种面积,是农田增效、农民增收的有效途径。     

渭北旱塬旱作节水农业示范区建设模式探讨

在对渭北旱塬水资源、气候资源、土地资源、作物资源等现状全面调查的基础上,提出了渭北旱塬旱作节水农业示范区的建设模式即高标准旱作节水基本农田建设模式、节水农业设备新建与补充模式、高效集雨节灌示范工程建设模式、抗旱节水特色品种和良种繁育引种基地建设模式、节水农业工程建设模式,并对各模式进行了综合探讨和分析。     

Chemical and biochemical properties in a silty loam soil under conventional and organic management

To improve soil fertility, efforts need to be made to increase soil organic matter content. Conventional farming practice generally leads to a reduction of soil organic matter. This study compared inorganic and organic fertilisers in a crop rotation system over two cultivation cycles: first crop broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and second crop mixed cropped melon-water melon (Cucumis melo-Citrullus vulgaris) under semi-arid conditions. Total organic carbon (TOC), Kjeldahl-N, available-P, microbial biomass C (Cmic), and N (Nmic), soil respiration and enzymatic activities (protease, urease, and alkaline phosphatase) were determined in soils between the fourth and sixth year of management comparison. The metabolic quotient (qCO₂), the Cmic/Nmic ratio, and the Cmic/TOC ratio were also calculated. Organic management resulted in significant increases in TOC and Kjeldahl-N, available-P, soil respiration, microbial biomass, and enzymatic activities compared with those found under conventional management. Crop yield was greater from organic than conventional fertilizer. The qCO₂ showed a progressive increase for both treatments during the study, although qCO₂ was greater with conventional than organic fertilizer. In both treatments, an increase in the Cmic/Nmic ratio from first to second crop cycle was observed, indicating a change in the microbial populations. Biochemical properties were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with TOC and nutrient content. These results indicated that organic management positively affected soil organic matter content, thus improving soil quality and productivity.     

聊城市面向土地利用现状的GIS空间数据库建设构想

土地利用数据具有空间特性,利用地理信息系统技术与空间数据库管理技术实现土地数据的科学高效管理是必然的发展趋势。文章阐述了数据收集与采集规范的制定、数据预处理、数据采集、数据处理、数据库建立的建库技术流程,空间数据质量控制,空间数据的组织管理及数据库的功能实现。