超临界CO_2流体萃取葡萄籽油的优化工艺

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法,以葡萄籽为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验设计,探讨了葡萄籽粉粒度、萃取压力、时间和温度等因素对葡萄籽油萃取率的影响.结果表明,萃取最佳工艺参数为葡萄籽粉粒度60目,萃取压力30 MPa,萃取时间2.5 h,萃取温度40℃,CO2流量40 kg/h,油脂萃取率达18.4%以上.     

棕笋中黄酮类物质的提取

研究了棕笋中黄酮类物质的提取工艺条件.在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验设计,以芦丁为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法测定棕笋中总黄酮的含量.得出最佳提取工艺条件:重复提取2次,硼砂浓度0.5%,温度70℃,料液比1:12,提取40 min.为棕笋进一步研究和开发利用提供一定的科学依据.     

基于RS和GIS的兖州城区土地利用类型信息提取方法

以兖州市城区为例,以高分辨率CCD航空影像为数据源,进行城区土地利用类型信息提取方法的研究。     

Production and isolation of azaspiracid-1 and -2 from Azadinium spinosum culture in pilot scale photobioreactors

Azaspiracid (AZA) poisoning has been reported following consumption of contaminated shellfish, and is of human health concern. Hence, it is important to have sustainable amounts of the causative toxins available for toxicological studies and for instrument calibration in monitoring programs, without having to rely on natural toxin events. Continuous pilot scale culturing was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of AZA production using Azadinium spinosum cultures. Algae were harvested using tangential flow filtration or continuous centrifugation. AZAs were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE) procedures, and subsequently purified. When coupling two stirred photobioreactors in series, cell concentrations reached 190,000 and 210,000 cell · mL(-1) at steady state in bioreactors 1 and 2, respectively. The AZA cell quota decreased as the dilution rate increased from 0.15 to 0.3 day(-1), with optimum toxin production at 0.25 day(-1). After optimization, SPE procedures allowed for the recovery of 79 ± 9% of AZAs. The preparative isolation procedure previously developed for shellfish was optimized for algal extracts, such that only four steps were necessary to obtain purified AZA1 and -2. A purification efficiency of more than 70% was achieved, and isolation from 1200 L of culture yielded 9.3 mg of AZA1 and 2.2 mg of AZA2 of >95% purity. This work demonstrated the feasibility of sustainably producing AZA1 and -2 from A. spinosum cultures.     

超临界CO2萃取人参挥发油工艺的研究

目的确定人参挥发油超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件。方法通过超临界CO2萃取人参挥发油的单因素试验和正交试验,研究其萃取工艺条件,考察萃取压力,萃取温度,萃取时间,CO2流量对挥发油得率的影响。结果确定了超临界萃取人参挥发油的最佳条件:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间100min,流量25~30L/h。结论该条件下人参挥发油(粗油)的得率为0.880%,远远高于传统索氏法提取的人参挥发油得率。     

从羊皮肤组织中提取总RNA方法的改进

在借鉴动物组织RNA提取方法的基础上,结合使用RNAlater保存液和Trizol试剂,改进了提取步骤和反应体系。利用改良的总RNA提取方法,从羊皮肤组织中快速、高效地提取了高质量总RNA,提取的总RNA可满足基于RNA分析技术的相关分子生物学试验需要。     

慈姑多糖的提取研究

为探究慈姑多糖的最佳提取条件,采用石油醚、无水乙醇回流脱脂、热水浸提法提取慈姑中水溶性多糖,对提取时间、提取温度、料液比以及提取次数分别进行了单因素试验和 L9(34)正交试验。试验结果表明慈姑多糖最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度70 ℃,提取料液比1:15,提取时间3 h,提取2次;该方法操作简便、提取迅速,并能获得含量较高的多糖成分,在该工艺条件下慈姑多糖得率为12.94 %。     

超临界萃取技术在海洋水产的应用研究进展

超临界萃取技术作为一种新型“绿色”提取分离技术,具有分离效率高、溶解能力强、保持产品生物活性、提高产品提取率和纯度、操作简单等优点.本文介绍了超临界萃取技术的基本原理及特点,综述了该技术在海洋水产生物活性成分提取方面的研究现状,并展望了其在该领域的应用前景.     

Optimized Extraction,Preliminary Characterization and Evaluation of the in Vitro Anticancer Activity of Phlorotannin-Rich Fraction from the Brown Seaweed,Cystoseira sedoides

Brown seaweeds produce useful bioactive substances with high cosmetic and pharmacological values due to the presence of antioxidant derivatives, mainly phlorotannins (PHT), which are of particular interest. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three variables (extraction time, dry material-to-solvent ratio and ethanol concentration) and two responses was performed to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phlorotannins from Cystoseira sedoides using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the independent variables significantly affected both phlorotannin content and the scavenging capacity. The optimum operating conditions were extraction time, 101.74 sec; dry material-to-solvent ratio, 1:10 g/mL; and ethanol extraction, 50%. Under these conditions, the predicted values of PHT content and radical scavenging activity-IC50 were close to the observed values and were 383.887 µg PGE/g Dm and 18.353 µg/mL, respectively. Characterization of the phlorotannin-rich fraction was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluation of the anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line showed a potent activity to trigger apoptotic death in more than a half of the MCF-7 cells, with an estimated IC50 value of 78 μg/mL. In addition, this fraction induced a notable growth regression effect on 3D spheroids model in a concentration-dependent manner, with a growth rate of about 1.17, at 200 µg/mL.

Abbreviations: CCRD: Central composite rotatable design; Dm: Dry material; DMBA: 2,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; FT-IR: Fourier transform infrared; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; IC₅₀: Half-maximal inhibitory concentration; MAE: Microwave-assisted extraction; Min: minutes; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; PGE: Phloroglucinol equivalent; PHT: Phlorotannins; PHT-SED: phlorotannins derived from Cystoseira sedoides; PI: Propidium iodide; RSA: Radical scavenging activity; RSM: Response surface methodology; Sec: seconds     

3种椰子基因组DNA提取方法的比较

旨在得到一套快速提取椰子DNA的方法。采用CTAB小样法、SDS-CTAB法以及PVP法提取椰子组织的DNA,并通过后续的PCR扩增和酶切等实验比较了3种方法所提取的DNA质量的优劣。将CTAB小样法提取的DNA与SDS-CTAB法和PVP法提取的DNA进行了比较,CTAB小样法提取的DNA的OD260/OD280(1.839)较另外2种方法SDS-CTAB法(1.709)和PVP法(1.613)的值更高,CTAB小样法提取的DNA适合于PCR扩增,扩增的条带清晰,且特异性好。此外,CTAB小样法提取的DNA,酶切也较为均匀。CTAB小样法能高效地提取椰子的DNA,并且能一次提取大量的高质量DNA样品,因而能满足高通量的实验要求,同提取DNA能较好地满足下游的分子生物学研究。