珠江口有居民海岛土地利用时空演化特征分析

在GIS和RS技术支持下,提取珠江口龙穴岛、横门岛、威远岛、淇澳岛、横琴岛和高栏岛6个有居民海岛的1990和2008年土地利用专题数据。采用土地利用动态度、土地利用变化强度和相对变化率等指标进行定量描述,进而从定性和定量2个方面分析了各海岛土地利用的时间演化特征和空间格局变化规律。结果表明,1990～2008年,6个海岛的建设用地和水域面积都在增加,而农用地和未利用土地则有增有减。土地利用类型变化表现出空间差异性,横门岛整体土地利用变化明显高于其他海岛,土地利用动态度、变化强度和相对变化率表现各异。     

薄荷属植物分子生物学研究进展

从薄荷属植物挥发油合成途径相关酶基因、柠檬烯合酶基因和分子进化等方面对薄荷属植物的分子生物学研究进行了综述。     

大豆SBP基因家族的序列特征、表达及进化分析

SBP基因家族是植物所特有的一类重要转录因子,由多个成员组成,主要参与植物生长、发育以及多种生理生化过程.试验在大豆基因组中鉴定49个SBP基因,被命名为GmSBP1~49.基于生物信息学手段,对大豆该基因家族49个成员的基因结构、染色体定位、蛋白保守序列、亚细胞定位、表达情况及进化关系进行分析.序列分析表明,SBP基因家族成员分散于不同染色体上,不同基因具有不同个数的外显子,其数目变异范围为1~14;该家族蛋白含有5个保守基序,尽管与SBP结构域有所重叠,但它们能形成6种不同的组织模式,这说明该基因家族序列变异较为复杂.表达分析结果显示,除GmSBP2和GmSBP11等6个基因没有相应的EST外,其余基因都有转录活性;在具有转录活性的基因中,只有GmSBP46显示出组成型表达模式,剩余基因表现出不同程度的组织特异性表达模式.拟南芥、水稻和大豆SBP蛋白的进化树揭示该家族具有8个类群,其中E类群只包括大豆SBP基因,其他类群中大豆SBP基因数目也是最多,这充分说明大豆SBP基因家族起源与进化的复杂性.研究为大豆SBP基因功能研究提供线索     

绒山羊RORα基因2种亚型的结构与进化分析

为深入研究绒山羊RORα基因的结构及功能,利用cDNA末端快速扩增法（RACE）结合转录组获得了绒山羊（Capra hircus）维甲酸相关孤核受体（retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptorα,RORα）基因的2个亚型:RORα1和RORα2（GenBank登录号分别是HM₀61155和HM₃58053）。序列分析表明,RORα1序列全长1 620bp,包括5′端非翻译区（untranslated region,UTR）29bp、3′端非翻译区211bp和开放阅读框（open reading frame,ORF）1 380bp,共编码459个氨基酸,分子质量约为52.3ku,理论等电点6.25。RORα2序列全长1 694bp,包括5′UTR 76bp、3′UTR 211bp和ORF 1 407bp,共编码468个氨基酸;与人RORα4的长度相同,相似性达99%,分子质量约为53.4ku,理论等电点为6.37。结果显示:1)RORα1氨基酸序列缺少大多数核受体具有的调节区（A/B区）,预测的二级结构少一个β-折叠基序（YFV）;2)RORα的DNA结合区到配体结合区部分属于纯化选择,A/B区在长度和序列方面变异都很大。     

中国日光温室结构及性能的演变

日光温室作为具有典型中国特色、规模巨大的设施类型,一直是中国温室园艺装备升级的重点。在不同时期、不同地域涌现出很多特征鲜明、结构迥异的日光温室类型,为保障中国城乡居民"菜篮子"的稳定供给、农民增收发挥了重要作用。本文回顾了日光温室近80年的发展历程,将日光温室结构的演变划分为:雏形时期、改良时期、发展时期、升级时期4个阶段,并选取各阶段具有代表性的15种日光温室结构进行建筑参数和性能的研究,分析其优缺点。在此基础上,展望了未来日光温室结构的发展方向,为更加科学地指导中国日光温室产业的优化升级提供参考和借鉴。     

Soil‐microbial response to sugarcane filter cake and biogenic waste compost

An incubation experiment was carried out to examine the N‐immobilizing effect of sugarcane filter cake (C : N = 12.4) and to prove whether mixing it with compost (C : N = 10.5) has any synergistic effects on C and N mineralization after incorporation into the soil. Approximately 19% of the compost‐C added and 37% of the filter cake–C were evolved as CO₂, assuming that the amendments had no effects on the decomposition of soil organic C. However, only 28% of the added filter cake was lost according to the total‐C and δ¹³C values. Filter cake and compost contained initially significant concentrations of inorganic N, which was nearly completely immobilized between day 7 and 14 of the incubation in most cases. After day 14, N remineralization occurred at an average rate of 0.73 µg N (g soil)^–1 d^–1 in most amendment treatments, paralleling the N mineralization rate of the nonamended control without significant difference. No significant net N mineralization from the amendment N occurred in any of the amendment treatments in comparison to the control. The addition of compost and filter cake resulted in a linear increase in microbial biomass C with increasing amounts of C added. This increase was not affected by differences in substrate quality, especially the three times larger content of K₂SO₄‐extractable organic C in the sugarcane filter cake. In most amendment treatments, microbial biomass C and biomass N increased until the end of the incubation. No synergistic effects could be observed in the mixture treatments of compost and sugarcane filter cake.     

基于GIS的巩义市农村居民点景观格局时空演变研究

基于GIS技术和景观格局分析方法,研究了1990和2008年巩义市农村居民点景现格局特点与时空演变.结果表明,农村居民点变化表现出了面积增加、密度增大、形状更加规则等特点.进而研究了地貌类型、经济发展水平、道路距离和人口密度对农村居民点增长率、形状指数变化率、密度变化率三类指标的影响.中低山区农村居民点规模增长率最快,...     

Short-term decomposition of <Superscript>14</Superscript>C-labelled glucose in a fluvo-aquic soil as affected by lanthanum amendment

In this study, we investigated the effects of lanthanum (La), one of the rare earth elements (REEs), on microbial biomass C as well as the decomposition of ¹⁴C-labelled glucose in a fluvo-aquic soil in 28 days. The soil was collected from the field plots under maize/wheat rotation in Fengqiu Ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Henan Province, China. Application of La decreased soil microbial biomass C during the experimental period, and there was a negative correlation (P < 0.01) between microbial biomass and application rate of La. La increased microbial biomass ¹⁴C after ¹⁴C glucose addition, and the increase was significant (P < 0.05) at the rates of more than 160 mg kg⁻¹ soil. La slightly increased ¹⁴CO₂ evolution at lower rates of application but decreased it at higher rates 1 day after ¹⁴C glucose addition, while there was no significant effect from days 2 to 28. For the cumulative ¹⁴CO₂ evolution during the incubation of 28 days, La slightly increased it at the rates of less than 120 mg kg⁻¹ soil, while significantly decreased (P < 0.05) it at the rate of 200 mg kg⁻¹ soil. The results indicated that agricultural use of REEs such as La in soil could decrease the amount of soil microbial biomass and change the pattern of microbial utilization on glucose C source in a short period.     

鹤峰场镇滑坡变形对库水位变动的响应及滑坡演化机理研究

三峡水库周期性库水位涨落是引起长江沿岸滑坡变形失稳的主要因素之一。以三峡库区典型堆积层滑坡——鹤峰场镇滑坡为例,重点分析该滑坡变形对库水位变动的响应特征,结果表明鹤峰场镇滑坡发生明显变形对应水位下降阶段;结合滑体地质环境条件,研究了不同水位条件下滑坡的演化特征,与变形监测数据基本一致,验证了数值模拟应用滑坡演化分析的可行性及有效性,该研究为滑坡的有效预测预报奠定了重要基础。     

1990-2012年淮河流域粮食生产的时空演进及驱动机制

[目的]动态研究粮食连增及农业政策调整背景下淮河流域1990—2012年的粮食产量时空变化进程及影响因素,为淮河流域科学合理粮食安全政策构建提供理论参考。[方法]采用区域重心计算模型和空间自相关技术。[结果]（1）淮河流域粮食总产量及县域均值持续增长。高产县域集中在流域中游皖北地区,中高产县域逐步向中上游推进,低产县域日趋边缘化。（2）淮河流域粮食产量重心呈西进南移态势变动,西进速率减缓,南北波动幅度较小,空间格局趋向稳定。（3）县域粮食产量分布呈显著空间聚集性特征,且有持续增强趋势。高产县域聚集于流域中游豫皖交界及下游苏中沿海地区;低产县市逐步集中连片聚集于流域上游豫西北边缘地区;高—低与低—高聚集县域规模较小,空间分布变化剧烈。[结论]水土资源变化、农业新技术及政策倾斜、种粮比较效益等主导因素共同驱动流域粮食产量空间格局演进。