种基盘的基质吸水保水性能研究

种基盘造林法是一种局部改善植物生长环境的播种技术,为了使其更好的应用于华北土石山区播种造林,本研究在种基盘基质配方中添加了复合海藻肥(SCF)和土壤防蚀剂(SED),并对不同用量组合下的15种配方进行了吸水试验和蒸发试验。结果表明,这2种添加物能有效改善基盘的保水性能,其中SCF对基质饱和含水量、吸水速率和蒸发失水比的影响均显著,并且用量为0.75 g.m-2时,吸水速率和饱和含水量最大、蒸发失水比最小,保水性能较好;SED对基质饱和含水量和吸水速率的影响不显著,对蒸发失水比的影响显著,并且用量为4 g时蒸发失水比最小,抑制蒸发的效果最好。     

王万茂先生土地规划思想研究

王万茂先生的土地规划思想的创新性主要表现在以下三个方面：首先,其绿图规划理念,奠定了我国第三轮土地利用总体规划修编模式转变的思想基础;用规划悖论点拨规划迷津,厘清了土地规划的若干认识。其次,其提出的“三规（多规）”之间 “是协调关系不是替代关系”之观点,是规划理念上的一次拨乱反正;基于我国“总体规划越位,详细规划缺位”的现实,完善了我国土地利用规划体系。再次,其多维土地利用规划理念,阐明了土地利用结构调整与布局优化的内在机制;提出的多维土地利用规划目标,推动了我国土地利用规划由单目标向多目标转变。     

近45年阿克苏地区干湿程度演变分析

采用近45年来阿克苏地区年、季气温、降水序列,并通过对各站干湿指标序列的考察,分析了阿克苏地区年代际、年、季干湿状况的变化.结果表明:阿克苏地区年平均气温的增加快于年降水量的增加,两者均以冬季增加为主,临近沙漠地带夏季气温和秋季降水呈微弱的下降趋势.干湿指标分布自山区经平原向沙漠由湿向干变化,由于各区域间降水差异较大,沙漠边缘地带比山区小近30%.阿克苏地区的干湿变化呈现出山区和浅山地带持续增湿,平原增湿速率逐渐减小,局地转为干旱化的特征.     

Evaluating the Impact of Combined Application of Biochar and Compost on Hydro-physical Properties of Loamy Sand Soil

ABSTRACT

Biochar, compost and their combination are important organic amendment materials for improving the hydro-physical properties of sandy soils. Series of soil columns experiments were conducted for investigating the application effects of date palm biochar and compost on evaporation, moisture distribution, infiltration, sorptivity (Sp), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) and water holding capacity (WHC) at application rates of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (10, 20, 30 and 40 g kg^?1). The columns were filled manually with air-dried soil with 35 cm depth and the thickness of surface amended layer was 10 cm (T10) and 20 cm (T20) from soil surface at bulk density of 1400 kg m^?3. The results showed that the behavior of soil moisture distribution was influenced by application of biochar, compost and biochar-compost mixture. Moreover, in the amended layer T10, applying biochar at rate of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% reduced significantly cumulative evaporation by 5.8%, 10.8%, 12.8% and 16.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the reduction for the biochar-compost mixture at application rates of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% was 10%, 12.2%, 14.5% and 20%, respectively. In layer T20, applying biochar at rate of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% reduced cumulative evaporation by 10.24%, 13.0%, 18.3% and 21.5% but this reduction amounted to 18.2%, 21%, 23% and 24% for the biochar-compost mixture, respectively. It was generally observed that the highest application rate (4%) for applied amendments was the most effective impact on Sp, K_sat and WHC compared with other rates.     

Effect of Aquasorb and Organic Compost Amendments on Soil Water Retention and Evaporation with Different Evaporation Potentials and Soil Textures

Abstract

Aquasorb PR3005A, a hydrophilic polymer (a salt copolymer polyacrylamide), and garden waste compost were added to a loamy sand and a loam soil in pots to assess their impact upon soil physical properties at two different evaporation potentials. Compost was mulched and incorporated, the Aquasorb was incorporated, and their effect on temperature and amelioration of soil water content and evaporation was investigated. Mulching with compost reduced evaporation and increased soil temperature. Maize (Zea mays var. single cross 704) was sown in the same pots later, and growth indicator factors (plant height, fresh and dry weight, root weight, and leaf area) were compared. It was concluded that compost mulch application is beneficial to soil water retention whereas compost incorporation did not show these benefits. Compost mulch advances seedling emergence and enhances early growth through hydrologic soil amelioration. High rates of Aquasorb were also beneficial in advancing the emergence and early growth of maize seeded in loamy sand. The hydration capacity of Aquasorb is reduced as the electrolyte concentration and electrical conductivity are increased. Increased electrolyte concentration in soil solution, through drying, may result in gel dehydration and water release at potentials greater than field capacity, which may be lost to drainage. Furthermore, it is concluded that pot experiments with amendments fail to simulate field conditions.     

新疆塔里木盆地蒸发力的研究

本文首先对国内外蒸发力的计算方法进行了较全面的评述，然后利用Ｐｅｎｍａｎ法的修正式计算了塔里木。盆地的蒸发力，最后分析了该地区蒸发力的分布特征。     

内蒙古近45a蒸发量气候变化特征分析

利用内蒙古境内35个气象站1960~2004年逐日蒸发皿蒸发量资料,研究了大兴安岭森林区、草甸草原区、典型草原区、荒漠化草原区、草原化荒漠区和典型荒漠区6种不同生态类型区域蒸发量的气候变化,揭示了不同生态类型区蒸发量的特征值及蒸发量年内、年际变化规律,推断得出内蒙古不同生态类型区域今后蒸发量的气候变化趋势。     

广东省大学生运动休闲消费特征研究

为提高潜水蒸发计算精度，利用潜水蒸发强度、埋深为零时的土面蒸发强度和水面蒸发强度的实测资料对阿维里扬诺夫公式、叶水庭公式和雷志栋公式中E₀值的选取进行了探讨，同时对比分析了E₀分别为水面蒸发强度和埋深为零时土面蒸发强度两种情况下的潜水蒸发强度。结果表明，针对新疆地区粘壤土类型，对于上述三种公式，若用埋深为零的土面蒸发强度代替水面蒸发强度，计算结果会产生误差，精度偏低，应选用E₀为水面蒸发强度进行计算，获得了η与地下水埋深的指数函数关系。该研究为潜水蒸发经验模型中E₀值的选取提供参考，同时为求解雷志栋公式中参数η提供一种新方法。     

Effect of pressure and temperature regime on the rate of the applesauce concentration process

The effect of the magnitude of negative pressure in a vacuum chamber and temperature of the product on the rate of the applesauce concentration process with release of pressure is studied. An efficient pressure regime of the concentration process which preserves a high quality of the finished applesauce is established.