机械伤害和茉莉酸对豌豆幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响

 切割后离体芽苗极易受病菌侵染而发生腐烂变质，严重影响着当前芽菜采后运输和销售。为此,本试验以豌豆芽苗为试材,研究了机械伤害和外施不同浓度（±）茉莉酸（JA）处理对豌豆幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明，伤害和1～100 μmol·L-1 JA处理可以显著提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性，同时使活性氧代谢加强，O2-·产生速率和H2O2含量迅速增加，相应的抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX、POD）活性提高。适宜浓度JA（1～10 μmol·L-1）处理可有效诱导防御反应产生，同时，通过提高抗氧化酶活性使膜脂过氧化程度减轻；高浓度JA（100 μmol·L-1）处理造成植物活性氧代谢失调，膜脂过氧化加剧。综合分析认为，10 μmol·L-1JA是诱导豌豆幼苗防御反应产生的适宜处理浓度。     

农业技术创新链的超循环理论与机理研究

农业技术创新链循环是指从农业技术创新链的某一基本构成环节出发,顺次经过其他基本环节,最后回复到起始环节的过程,它包括反应循环、催化循环和超循环三个等级。其循环机理是:同一农业技术创新链中每一环节的反应循环,推动同一或不同农业技术创新链中同一或同类环节之间的催化循环,再由催化循环推动同一或不同农业技术创新链中各环节之间的超循环。农业技术发明和农业技术首次商业化使用的超循环,使二者耦合成共生的结合体;通过农业技术首次商业化使用和农业技术扩散的超循环,完成农业技术创新链的一次循环;通过农业技术扩散和农业技术发明的超循环,使整个农业技术创新链在新的需求起点上开始循环,如此循环往复。     

响应面法优化辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物制备工艺

利用饱和水溶液法制备辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物,以包合率和包合物产率为评价指标,通过对包合温度、包合时间及配料比的考察,以响应面法优选最佳工艺条件。结果表明,辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的最佳包合条件为包合温度50℃,包合时间为3 h,配料比为1∶1(摩尔比),此时包合物平均产率为53.97%,平均包合率为52.51%。采用响应面法可优化辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的制备工艺,为辣椒碱药物制剂的研发提供借鉴。     

关于植物各种光温反应现象的统一模型

本文提出了一个统一的植物光温反应理论模型。它把植物的各种光温反应现象,包括短日植物的光温反应与长日植物的光温反应,定性的光温反应与定量的光温反应,光周期反应与温度反应,以及温度反应中的低温反应(包括春化反应)与积温反应等统一了起来。应用这一模型可对小麦生长发育中常见的各种光温反应现象和水稻光敏不育系的低温可育现象作出统一的解释。     

冷水江锑矿区重金属污染林地土壤环境质量评价

为了给锑矿区土壤生态修复、造林树种选择和快速恢复植被提供科学依据,采集了冷水江锑矿区受重金属污染的林地土壤样品,运用原子吸收分光光度法对土壤中6种重金属元素进行了测定,并对锑矿区受重金属污染的森林土壤环境质量进行了全面评价,结果表明:锑矿区三地点土壤中Sb、As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Zn含量有极显著差异。七里铺点土壤中以Sb、Hg、Cd、Zn含量最高,长龙界点土壤中以As含量最高,联盟点土壤中以Pb含量最高。随着土层厚度的增加,土壤中Sb、As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Zn含量呈递减的趋势。联盟点、长龙界点重金属污染的大小顺序是:Sb>Cd>Hg>As>Zn>Pb。七里铺点重金属污染的大小顺序是:Sb>Cd>Hg>Zn>As>Pb。依据内梅罗污染指数评价标准,冷水江锑矿区存在着严重的Sb、As、Cd、Hg和轻度的Zn、Pb复合污染。从不同土层重金属污染的内梅罗污染指数及重金属含量的分布特征分析,Sb、Hg在土壤中具有较大的迁移性,Zn具有中等的迁移性,而As、Pb、Cd则具有较小的迁移性。     

Effect of concentrated decoction of Chinese herbal compound Buyanghuanwutang on cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia

AIM: To evaluate the role of concentrated decoction of Chinese herbal compound Buyanghuanwutang (BYHWT) in cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-protein kinase A(PKA)-cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB) signaling pathway in hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia (VD). METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (sham-operated rats treated with normal saline), VD model group (VD rats treated with normal saline), BYHWT treatment group (VD rats treated with BYHWT) and nimodipment treating group (VD rats treated with nimodipine). The rat model of VD was build by the method of four-vessel occlusion. The rats in all 4 groups were administered with the corresponding reagents for successive 30 days. The content of cAMP was measured by radioimmunoassay. The expression of PKA catalytic subunit (PKAc) was observed by Western blotting. The changes of DNA-binding activity of CREB in rat hippocampus were detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: The content of cAMP, the expression of PKAc and the DNA-bingding activity of CREB in the hippocampus of VD rats were lower than those in the hippocampus of sham-operated rats (P<0.01). The above indexes in both nimodipine treatment group and BYHWT treatment group were definitely higher than those in VD model group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: BYHWT increases the content of cAMP, the expression of PKAc and the DNA-binding activity of CREB in VD rat hippocampus, thus strengthening the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway.     

Erythropoietin attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced cognitive dysfunction through stimulation of hippocampal CREB phosphorylation in C57BL/6 mice

AIM: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on cognitive dysfunction and neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 region induced by cerebral ischemia in mice. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (sham), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R) and EPO-treated group. Transient cerebral global ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO). The step-down test was used to measure the capacity of learning and memory of the animals in each group. Nissl staining was applied to examine the neuronal number in hippocampal CA1 region. The expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) was determined by Western blotting. Alterations of dendritic morphology in hippocampal CA1 region were evaluated using laser scanning confocal microscopy and Neurolucida software. RESULTS: Transient cerebral ischemia caused deficits of spatial learning and memory, and delayed neuronal death and loss of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region were also obvious. The EPO treatment significantly improved the cognitive function in cerebral ischemic mice, and the protein expression of pCREB was obviously increased. At the same time, neuronal death and loss of dendritic spines were reduced in hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSION: Erythropoietin increases the protein expression of pCREB, and reduces neuronal death and loss of dendritic spines. These processes may be responsible for erythropoietin-mediated neuroprotective effects and the improvement of cognitive function in cerebral ischemic mice.     

Formation and activity of lymphocyte-derived microparticles

Lymphocyte-derived microparticles (LMPs) are small membrane vesicles that are released upon activation or during apoptosis from lymphocytes.The LMPs were detected at elevated levels in the patients with inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. In addition, LMPs are important mediators of transferring biological information and switching on the biological effects through their interaction with the target cells. Moreover, LMPs play completely distinct roles in different physiological and pathological conditions. This article describes the possible mechanism involved in the formation, composition, key biological activities and the relationship with diseases.     

蝗虫对蓝光偏振光和非偏振光的定向响应对比

为给蝗虫灾害光电诱导捕集治理技术中蝗虫诱导光场性质的确定及不同光场的筛选组合提供理论支持,利用LED光谱色非偏振光、蓝光偏振光和行为反应试验装置,进行了不同光照特性的蓝光偏振光场和光谱色非偏振光场对蝗虫定向选择的对比试验,探讨了不同光场对蝗虫定向选择行为影响的机理.结果表明:蓝光偏振光条件下,蝗虫对光谱色非偏振光的趋光定向响应以紫光最优;蝗虫对偏振光和紫光的趋光定向响应对比中,蝗虫对线偏振光和紫光选择的对比率差别最小;蝗虫对偏振光的趋光定向响应取决于偏振光的光照强度,对非偏振光的趋光定向响应取决于光谱色和光照强度;蝗虫敏感光谱色光照强度和蓝光偏振光光照强度对蝗虫趋光响应敏感临界点的差别程度是影响其趋光定向响应选择差异的原因,但就光场光照性质而言,蝗虫敏感光谱色及其光照强度是提高蝗虫诱导率的关键因素.     

瓜类细菌性果斑病菌过敏性反应和致病性(hrp)基因簇部分基因的克隆及功能分析

过敏性反应和致病性(hrp)基因存在于革兰氏阴性植物病原细菌中,决定病原细菌对寄主植物致病性和诱导非寄主及抗病植物过敏性反应(hypersensitive response,HR)。本研究从果斑菌(Acidovorax avenaesub sp.citrulli)的hrp基因簇中克隆了hpaA、hrcT、hrcC和hrpG基因,通过同源重组的方法,分别构建了其突变体。电镜观察发现,hpaA和hrpG基因突变体的鞭毛缺失且细胞形态发生显著变化,而hrcT和hrcC基因突变体的鞭毛和细胞形态未发生明显变化。在烟草(Nicotiana tabacam)和哈密瓜(Hami cantaloupe)叶片上的测定结果显示,hpaA、hrcT和hrcC的突变体均失去在烟草上的HR激发能力和在哈密瓜叶片上的致病性;hrpG在烟草上的HR激发能力和在哈密瓜上的致病性则显著减弱;进一步的生长曲线测定结果表明,hpaA、hrcT、hrcC和hrpG的突变体的定殖能力均显著下降。相应地,功能互补后突变体基本恢复至野生表型。证明瓜类细菌性果斑病菌hrp基因作为Ⅲ型分泌系统关键组份影响病原细菌对寄主植物的致病性和对非寄主及抗病植物的过敏性...