环境因子对胶南沿海防护林土壤呼吸的影响

对胶南沿海防护林灌草带和混交林的土壤呼吸速率及其环境因子进行了研究，结果表明：两个类型林地的土壤呼吸速率日变化均呈现出单峰式的变化规律；地表温度是影响土壤呼吸速率的最关键因子，与两个类型的土壤呼吸速率都呈极显著正相关关系，相关系数分别是0．958、0．980；气温也是影响土壤呼吸速率的重要因素，与灌草带土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关，相关系数是0．857；大气温度、土壤湿度和风速对土壤呼吸速率都有一定影响，但不显著，其中风速对土壤呼吸的影响有待于进一步研究。通过逐步回归方法，得出海防林土壤呼吸速率的主要环境因子与土壤呼吸速率之间的回归模型。     

2.5%功夫水乳剂对翠冠梨果实锈斑影响试验简报

应用2.5%功夫乳油、2.5%功夫水乳剂和0.5%苦参碱水剂3种杀虫剂进行翠冠梨套袋前喷药对梨果无锈果率影响的试验表明,喷施2.5%功夫乳油杀虫剂的果品无锈果率最低,仅为21.6 %;喷施2.5%功夫水乳剂的无锈果率则较高,达83%以上,且杀虫效果也达到91%以上;喷施0.5%苦参碱水剂的无锈果率也达85%以上,但杀虫效果只有71.85%.建议生产中使用1 500倍液2.5%功夫水乳剂进行套袋前喷药.     

干旱地区山杏不同季节造林成果调查分析

通过对干旱山区不同季节山杏造林后的生长情况调查分析,得出:秋季山杏截干深栽造林成活率达92.7%,比春季栽植成活率提高10.5个百分点。     

紫荆光合日进程及光响应

自然条件下使用LCA-4型便携式光合测定系统研究了紫荆连体叶片的光合日变化及光响应。结果表明:(1)净光合速率的日进程曲线呈“双峰”型,胞间CO2浓度的日进程基本与净光合速率相反,中午胞间CO2浓度增高,表明净光合速率午间降低主要受非气孔限制因素的影响。暗呼吸速率日进程为单峰曲线,中午最高。气孔阻力的日变化曲线是单谷型,午间最低。(2)一天分时段光响应试验表明,饱和光强和表观量子效率上午最高,中午最低,下午有所上升。下午的光补偿点是上午的2倍,中午则是上午的近3倍。不同时段遮光都使得气孔阻力和胞间CO2浓度升高。     

刺五加"全光喷雾"硬枝扦插育苗试验

刺五加为扦插难生根树种，以1．5a生刺五加苗为母株采穗扦插，其平均生根率达60％以上，最高达90％。     

太行山区侧柏大规格容器移栽育苗造林成效对比试验

在太行山石质山区采用不同规格容器袋进行侧柏育苗造林对比试验,结果表明,在3月份采用1年生大田裸根苗移栽到13cm×2 0cm的大规格容器内培育10 0～110天后,在7～8月份雨季上山造林,保存率比小规格播种容器(6. 4cm×15cm)苗提高10 %左右。     

Do rates of litter decomposition tell us anything we really need to know?

Results of several long-term studies of non-woody litter decomposition in forests indicate that we need to rethink why and how we measure rates of litter decomposition. Effects on litter decomposition rates were postulated to explain some of the nutritional effects of factors such as tree species, forest harvesting and fertilization. However, the accumulated experimental evidence indicates that litter decomposition rates do not mediate these responses. Many studies have reported litter mass loss becoming extremely slow at values considerably below 100%, indicating that early decay rates may not accurately foreshadow the entire decay process. Exclusion of soil faunal activities from current measurements of decomposition rates seriously reduces the likelihood that we are properly modeling decomposition. Finally, the use of regression and correlation analyses to determine which climate or initial litter quality factors control decay rate has led to many unwarranted and potentially misleading conclusions. These concerns are illustrated with examples from a suite of litter decomposition studies in British Columbia, Canada. Insights into nutrient cycling and carbon storage in ecosystems are more likely to arise from measuring the mass and nutrient content of annual litter input and determining the maximum decomposition limit and nutrient content at that stage, than by measuring early rates of decay. Improved predictions of relative decay rates of plant litters are likely to arise from a holistic approach based on plant life attributes rather than correlations based on individual initial litter chemistry parameters. Finally, a better understanding of the fate of faecal material of soil fauna is necessary before we can accurately predict and model litter decomposition.     

Behavior of four broad-leaved tree species used to revegetate eroded granite hill slopes

Information on primary growth behavior after planting is required for mixed-plantation revegetation using broad-leaved species. To estimate primary growth, especially from the perspective of crown coverage and changing growth rates, we examined the growth and survival of four broad-leaved species that are frequently used in erosion-control plantations in Japan. The species studied were Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc., Alnus pendula Matsum., Quercus glauca Thunb., and Q. serrata Thunb. The survival, height, and basal diameter of planted trees were measured over a 4-year period, and crown area was calculated over a 3-year period. We found a negative relationship between relative growth rate (RGR) and survival rate, suggesting that fast growth may be fatal when resources are severely limited. The relative height growth rate (RHGR) of A. pendula was especially high during the early period of the study (1997–1999) and then drastically declined, whereas the opposite tendency was observed in Q. glauca. The results of stem allometry analyses conformed to the specific relationships between height growth and diameter growth of the four species; increases in stem thickness based on height increments were smaller in the pioneer species A. pendula. Between-species differences in coverage per planted tree (mean crown area multiplied by survival rate) were small as a result of the negative relationship between coverage area and survival rate.     

白杨派杂种无性系及其亲本光合和生长对盐胁迫的反应

以白杨派单交和双交杂种无性系1年生扦插苗为材料,分析不同盐胁迫条件下无性系的生长及光合系统的反应,并对无性系间的差异进行比较.研究表明:盐胁迫对叶片生长、苗高生长及苗木生物量积累均产生不同程度的影响.随着盐浓度升高,各项生长指标迅速下降,但下降的幅度不同,苗木生物量积累受影响最大.茎叶生长对盐胁迫的敏感性大于根系生长,从而导致根/(茎 叶)生物量随盐胁迫的发展而升高.盐胁迫下4个无性系的净光合速率(Pn)日变化基本上都呈单峰曲线,但随胁迫加强,Pn值迅速降低.盐胁迫下,叶位从幼到老,Pn表现为单峰型变化,中部功能叶Pn值最大,嫩叶和老叶较小,盐胁迫对无性系嫩叶Pn几乎无影响,却显著降低中部功能叶和老叶的Pn值,且随着胁迫时间延长,对叶片Pn的影响加强.盐胁迫降低各无性系的叶绿素含量,且使叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线发生明显变化,其参数qN(荧光非光化学猝灭系数)值随盐浓度增加而上升,而qp(荧光光化学猝灭系数)、Fv/Fo(PSⅡ潜在活性)值随盐浓度增加而下降.盐胁迫对双交杂种无性系B430影响最小,单交无性系毛新杨和亲本新疆杨次之,亲本毛白杨对盐胁迫反应最敏感.     

金丝垂柳扦插繁殖试验

金丝垂柳扦插繁育技术的研究结果表明 :金丝垂柳插条主要以皮部生根为主 ;ABT 1号生根粉 10 0 0× 10 -6mg/ ml处理 ,促进插条生根效果最显著 ,插穗长势最好。其它处理效果由强到弱为 ABT 1号生根粉 5 0 0× 10 -6mg/ ml、南林 I型生根粉、 ABD生根剂 10 0 0× 10 -6mg/ ml和清水。