Stewardship as a Path to Cooperation? Exploring the Role of Identity in Intergroup Conflict Among Michigan Wolf Stakeholders

Post-recovery wolf management remains controversial. In Michigan, dialogue centers on hunting wolves but controversy may be more nuanced than simple pro- or anti-hunting positions. Social identity may cause stakeholders to organize in groups and identity differences may be driving controversy. To explore stakeholder disagreement over wolf management, we conducted semi-structured key informant interviews (n = 21) about identity and stewardship in August–September 2012. Four overarching identity themes emerged regarding: (a) management objectives, (b) focal levels, (c) control methods, and (d) justifications for methods. Themes indicated two main researcher-defined identity groups. Interviewees from both groups identified six common stewardship themes: (a) bequest values, (b) ecosystem health, (c) education, (d) existence values, (e) pride in natural resources, and (f) sustainability. Findings suggest stakeholders may be conflicting over opposing identities vis-à-vis organization affiliation, which may be related to what management strategies individuals oppose. Establishing common stewardship objectives through established participation methods may help alleviate controversy.     

Feeding value of pastures for horses

The feeding value of fresh pasture grazed in situ is determined by animal performance or productivity and could be relatively easily established for growing and lactating horses. Despite this, there is a lack of published information on the relative feeding value of different pastures and forages grazed by horses in New Zealand and the world. In addition, for adult breeding or non-breeding and young or adult sport or performance horses, the definition of feeding value and its determination remain problematic.

Limited information suggests that the feeding value of perennial ryegrass-based pasture in New Zealand for young growing horses is high, and growth rates for Thoroughbred horses fed solely on pasture in New Zealand are similar to those reported from the Northern Hemisphere where grain-based supplements are fed in addition to pasture or other forages. Attempts to assess the ability of fresh pastures to meet the nutrient requirements of horses are hampered by problems associated with determination of feed intake by grazing horses and lack of knowledge of the digestibility and utilisation of digested nutrients, including the relative bio availability of macro- and micro-minerals in pasture. A further challenge for future research is to determine the effect of herbage allowance and grazing behaviour, including pasture species preferences, on voluntary feed intake by grazing horses.

Grazing pasture has benefits for equine health and well-being including reduced risk of some nutrition-related disorders and reduced prevalence of stereotypic behaviour. Pastured horses have greater freedom for expression of natural behaviours including social interaction and exercise. However, grazing pasture is also associated with animal health problems, particularly parasitism and diseases related to pasture-associated toxins.     

山岳冰川的能量分类

应用热力学原理,对冰川低温热力学系统在物态变化中的能量转换,进行宏观分析和计算,用“能量”作量度,用“冰川比内能”。为指标,对山岳冰川进行分类。对世界上34条山岳冰川,以u值100000J为分界,将其划分为高能量和低能量2大类以及相应的6个亚类。同时,讨论了类型特征、界限确定及分类意义等问题。     

原子吸收-石墨炉法测定食品中重金属元素的方法研究

本文对采用原子吸收-石墨炉法对铅、镉、铬这3种重金属元素的检测方法进行了探讨.结果表明,样品的加标回收率分别为97.92%、99.06%、104.6%,标准偏差分别为8.93、0.12、0.70,变异系数分别为1.70%、0.39%、2.92%,说明该方法不但精确度和检出率高.且重复性好.     

饲料资源量概念及其判断

首先提出并讨论了饲料资源量的主体部分就是饲料能量总量及饲料蛋白质总量的问题。然后,用相关及回归方法筛选出了牛代谢能及粗蛋白质指标。在此基础上,建立了对饲料资源的品质和数量进行判断的蛋能结构指数及蛋能丰度指数体系。     

羊草草原枯枝落叶中能量特征 分析

在草原生态系统中，以枯枝落叶为主体的能量的输入，积累和释放，是能量流动的主要环节。每年因植物的枯死，转移到枯枝落叶的能量为３９４９．６７９ＫＪ．ｍ６２．ａ，其季节变化呈指数形式。现存枯枝落叶中贮存的能量为３４２４．１０ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，经１年分解后，残留在枯枝落叶的能量为２２８２．４３ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，释放出的能量为１１４１．６０ＫＪ．ｍ＾２，能量释放的季节动态呈Ｓ型曲线。     

杂交狼尾草作为能源植物的产量和品质特性

于2006～2009年在北京地区进行田间试验,研究杂交狼尾草作为草本能源植物的适应性、生物质产量和品质特性。结果表明:在北京地区杂交狼尾草不能越冬,其干物质产量可达40.14～48.54t/hm2,热值为17.02MJ/kg,纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量分别为36.15%、21.01%和8.92%,碳、氢、氮元素含量分别为41.86%、5.62%和1.52%,C/N为27.54∶1,灰分含量为9.26%,灰熔点的变形温度、软化温度、半球温度和流动温度分别为942.0℃、980.8℃、1010.3℃和1054.8℃。杂交狼尾草适宜作为草本能源植物在北京及周边地区推广应用,但存在不能越冬和生物质含水量下降速率慢的缺点。     

地塞米松和饲粮能量水平对肉仔鸡能量采食及神经肽Y基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨注射地塞米松(DEX)模拟应激状态下,应激和饲粮能量水平对肉仔鸡能量采食的影响。选取体重相近的180只23日龄的雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验采用2×3析因设计,因素为DEX[处理(注射DEX2 mg/kg)、未处理(注射等剂量生理盐水)]和饲粮能量水平[高能(HE)、低能(LE)以及高能、低能自由采食(H-LE)]。预试期5 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:1)DEX处理极显著降低了肉仔鸡的采食量和体增重(P<0.01),极显著提高了耗料增重比、耗能增重比、腹脂率以及血浆葡萄糖、甘油三酯和尿酸的浓度(P<0.01),显著提高了肠道指数(P<0.05)。2)采用LE饲粮体增重(P<0.05)、腹脂率(P<0.01)显著低于其他2种饲粮,耗料增重比显著低于HE饲粮(P<0.05);采用HE饲粮耗能增重比极显著高于其他2种饲粮(P<0.01);采用H-LE饲粮神经肽Y(NPY)基因表达量显著高于LE饲粮(P<0.05)。3)DEX、饲粮能量水平对耗料增重比(P<0.05)和耗能增重比(P<0.01)的影响存在显著的互作效应。结果提示,DEX应激可使肉仔鸡血浆中葡萄糖、尿酸和甘油三酯的浓度升高;DEX应激和HE饲粮均能增加脂肪在腹部沉积,提高耗料增重比和耗能增重比;H-LE饲粮能上调肉仔鸡下丘脑NPY基因表达。     

圆柱水射流中的能量分布与统计特征

在13,15,17 MPa压力下,采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）对自由圆柱水射流的轴向速度、轴向脉动速度和液滴粒径进行测量,对通过射流场中不同位置测量体的单个液滴特征进行统计分析,以获得单个液滴的轴向速度和对应的液滴数的相关特征,进而分析射流束中的能量分布.研究结果表明：在相同压力条件下,不同轴向截面上的轴向速度分布呈现一定的相似性,截面边缘处的轴向速度梯度较大;截面边缘处的轴向脉动速度较大,且随射流压力增加,轴向脉动速度增大.对位于中间点的测量体,具有较高速度的液滴占据绝大多数;对边缘处的测量体,液滴速度谱较宽.在不同轴向截面上,随射流压力的变化,对应位置的统计关系变化规律不同.在设定的第1采样时段内,在各中心点处测量体内采集到的有效液滴数相差不大.但穿越边缘点测量体的有效液滴数随射流压力和截面位置的变化极不规则.     

基于主成分分析和遗传支持向量机的发动机故障诊断

为了实现发动机故障的快速实时诊断,提出一种基于主成分分析（PCA）和遗传支持向量机（GA-SVM）的发动机故障诊断方法。该方法利用振动信号经小波变换和主元分析来提取故障特征,以减少信号的冗余。针对人为选择SVM参数的盲目性,应用遗传算法优化其参数,并与BP神经网络（BPNN）比较。试验结果表明：GA-SVM比BPNN具有更强的分类识别能力,小样本故障诊断正确率达100%。