不同新能源类型密集烤房烘烤效果研究

通过烘烤试验对比,从烤房建造成本、运行参数、烘烤能耗用工、烤房控温精度、烤后烟叶外观质量、化学成分、经济效益等方面探索内置式生物质烤房、密闭式热泵烤房、光伏一体化烤房的烘烤效果,旨在为曲靖烟区筛选最适宜的烤房类型以及为烟草行业的绿色可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明,密闭式热泵烤房烘烤能耗用工成本较低,控温精度、烤后烟叶质量、经济效益较好,是目前最适宜曲靖烟区的烤房类型;光伏一体化烤房建造成本高昂,且烘烤效果表现一般,目前推广难度较大,但可作为未来烤房的发展方向;内置式生物质烤房入门门槛较低,可在生物质颗粒供方市场成熟和电力配套设施不齐全的烟区加以应用。     

不同氮磷配比对三年生宽叶羌活药材产量及品质的影响

采用二因素随机区组设计,利用尿素、过磷酸钙不同配比施用于3 a生宽叶羌活实生苗进行施肥试验.结果表明:单施尿素时施肥量120 kg/hm2是3a生宽叶羌活药材高产的最佳施用量,单施过磷酸钙时,施用量400 kg/hm2是宽叶羌活药材产量最佳使用量.随着尿素和过磷酸钙用量的增加、3 a生宽叶羌活药材的羌活根产量、挥发油含量、醇浸出物含量逐渐增加,在尿素施肥量120 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙施用量400 kg/hm2时3 a生宽叶羌活药材根产量、挥发油含量、醇浸出物含量均达到最大,之后逐渐降低.在青藏高原地区,3 a生羌活药材产量、挥发油含量、浸出物含量最高的肥料配比为:尿素施肥量120 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙用量400 kg/hm2.     

丹参药渣栽培糙皮侧耳和毛头鬼伞

采用不同比例丹参(Salviae miltiorrhiza)药渣替代玉米芯对糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)、毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)供试菌株进行栽培实验.经栽培收获两茬子实体,分别对不同配方两个菌种的菌丝长速、单位料重产量、生物学效率等指标进行统计分析.结果表明:在单位料重产量及生物学效率表现上,随培养料中所含丹参药渣比例增加而增加;在菌丝长速表现上则相反.经丹参药渣、玉米芯的碳氮比分析(28.5∶1;88.1∶1)得知,栽培料中随药渣含量的增加氮素含量相应提高(碳氮比55.27∶1～27.44∶1,氮含量为0.76％～2.43％),成为两个菌种产量增加的主要原因.     

北疆“一年两作”冬小麦-复播青贮玉米模式物质生产及资源利用率研究

为建立与农区畜牧业发展相适应的资源高效利用的新型饲料生产体系,满足市场对青贮玉米需求,2011—2012年在新疆天山以北地区对冬小麦-复播青贮玉米、单季冬小麦、单季青贮玉米不同模式的物质积累和生育过程的光、温资源的实际利用效率进行系统测定分析。结果表明,冬小麦-复播青贮玉米双季模式优于传统单季种植冬小麦模式,其全年干物质生产率提高84.8%、周年干物质产能提高87.8%,年总辐射利用效率提高87%,年总有效积温利用率103%。复播青贮玉米干物质生产效比春播率低7.1%,太阳总辐射生产率和温度生产效率复播比春播分别高0.12 g·J^-1和0.7 kg·hm^-2·℃^-1。因此冬小麦-复播青贮玉米具有高产高效特点,为一熟 农区畜牧发展提了一条新型饲料生产种植模式。     

膜下滴灌棉田生物改良盐碱地效果研究

通过在膜下滴灌棉田间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)、孜然(Ⅱ)和碱蓬(Ⅲ),并以未间作的处理作为对照(CK),研究不同盐生植物改良盐碱地的效果。结果表明：间作盐生植物的棉田在生育期内可以达到保水和抑制盐分累积的效果,土壤含水量峰值基本保持在40 cm深度,其中以间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)和孜然(Ⅱ)的保水效果较好,在0～40 cm深度范围土壤含水量与对照组相比分别提升了29.80%和14.49%;间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)和孜然(Ⅱ)的处理抑制盐分累积的效果也较好,在0～40 cm深度范围抑盐率分别为125%和70.38%。同时,通过在膜间种植盐生植物,棉花的株高、茎粗和干物质量均有一定程度的增加,籽棉产量也有相应的提升,其中以间作孜然和苜蓿的处理提升较多,分别比对照组提升10.45%和7.74%。由此可见,膜下滴灌棉田间作盐生植物是一种有效的盐碱地改良措施,而盐生植物的选择对改良的效果影响较大,综合试验结果对比,间作孜然和间作苜蓿的生物改良措施效果较好。     

麦蛾茧蜂性比与寄主的关系

以印度谷螟幼虫为寄主测定麦蛾茧蜂的性比得知,茧蜂在大寄主上产卵多,子代雄性比低。母蜂能根据寄主大小主动控制产卵的性别。     

闽东南天然降雨雨滴特征的研究

该文在实测滴谱资料的基础上建立了闽东南地区雨滴大小分布函数。F=1-exp[-(d/3.58I^0.28)^5.19I0.11]并导出了雨滴中数直径、动能与雨强的关系为D₅₀=3.34I^0.29和E=36.04I^0.29。笔者认为两型对雨滴特征是有影响的。     

Persistence of tebufenozide in aquatic ecosystems under laboratory and field conditions

The persistence and dissipation behaviour of tebufenozide, an ecdysone agonist, were investigated: (1) under laboratory conditions in aquatic models set up in glass aquaria, and (2) under field conditions in in-situ aquatic enclosures deployed in a mixed-wood boreal forest lake. Two models were set up in the laboratory study (Study I), which was conducted at constant conditions of temperature, water pH and photoperiod. In Model I, partitioning of tebufenozide from sediment, treated at a concentration of 1400 μg kg^-1, into untreated water was examined. The results showed that the chemical moved very little from the treated sediment into water. The concentration in sediment and water decreased gradually during the 90-day incubation period. Tebufenozide disappeared faster from the top layer of sediment than from the middle and bottom layers. The half-lives of disappearance were 64 days for the top layer but >90 days for the middle and bottom layers respectively. In Model II, partitioning from water, treated at a concentration of 350 μg litre^-1, into untreated sediment was investigated. The results showed that the chemical moved from treated water into sediment due to adsorption. Little vertical downward movement of the adsorbed residues from the top layer of sediment occurred into layers beneath. The adsorbed residues were also not released readily back into water. The concentration in water and sediment decreased gradually during the 90-day incubation period. The half-life of dissipation from water was 67 days. The field microcosm study (Study II), conducted under fluctuating conditions of temperature, water pH and photoperiod, involved application of tebufenozide onto aquatic enclosures at four concentrations of 0·05, 0·10, 0·26 and 0·5 mg litre^-1. This study also showed that the chemical moved downwards from the applied location and was adsorbed onto sediment. The chemical persisted longer in Study II than in Study I. Tebufenozide, being photo-labile, probably degraded faster after constant exposure to light in Study I than after exposure to fluctuating light in Study II. At 90 days after treatment in Study I, only about 55% of the applied material persisted in the sediment, and there was little accumulation. In Study II, the material not only persisted but also was accumulated in the sediment, since at 92 days post-treatment the residues were about 25 times higher than the applied concentration level. Residues in water also decreased more rapidly in Study I than in Study II, because the concentration at 90 days post-treatment was about 41% of the applied value. In Study II, however, about 65% of the applied chemical persisted in water at 92 days post-treatment. While the long persistence of tebufenozide in both the laboratory and field studies was attributable to its low vapour pressure, low water solubility, high octanol/water partition coefficient etc., the differences in the persistence characteristics observed in the two studies were due to the fluctuating environmental conditions and water pH encountered in the field study, compared with the constant environmental conditions and water pH utilized in the laboratory study. © 1997 SCI.     

A parametric and microstructural study of the formation of gluten network in mixed flour–water batter

The mechanism of gluten network development is still unclear and remains difficult to study since gluten network formation in bread dough is a rather quick process. In order to better characterize this dynamic event, we slowed down its kinetics by increasing the dough water content. During mixing, performed with a planetary mixer at variable mixing speeds and flour/water ratios, the torque was recorded. Common flours from wheat cultivars Orvantis, Caphorn and Isengrain, similar in composition and Farinograph parameters, were studied.     

太阳能在智能生态农业中的应用

针对太阳能养殖、太阳能干燥、薄膜太阳能农业大棚、太阳能灌溉及太阳能杀虫灯等5个太阳能的利用技术进行了论述,并将太阳能技术与传统技术进行了比较,分析了各项技术的优缺点,探索了太阳能在农业生产方面进行利用的前景.