美国红鱼形态和生长参数的研究

用传统法和框架法（Truss) 测定了红鱼形态的可数可量怀状，分析了红鱼形态有关参数的相互关系，拟合了红鱼的框架结构图。总结回归了不同养殖环境中红鱼的体长，体重之间的关系。比较分析了不同养殖条件下红鱼的日生长，生长率等指标，不同群体的生长特征指数生长拐点和生长方程。本研究为选育红鱼良种和检测原，良种提供了科学依据。     

9L-200型灌木收获机设计与试验

针对柠条、沙棘、沙柳、紫穗槐等灌木植物机械化收获需求,研发设计了9L-200型灌木收获机。采用适合于沙地、沙坡、丘陵地、泥泞地的履带底盘,驱动采用定量液压泵+比例阀+变量行走马达;采用锯切原理,设计双圆锯盘向内旋转对灌木实施无支撑切割的切割拨送割台;开发组合式切碎滚筒装置;通过增减动刀和动刀刀架数量,实现切段长度的有级调整技术;设置了反转齿箱装置,达到堵塞快速排除的效果;经国家农机具质量检验检测中心现场检测及田间试验检测,该机型生产率为6-10亩/小时,物料切割长度20-40mm可调,各项性能指标达到了设计要求,满足了大规模灌木平茬收获的和工业化资源利用的市场需要。     

Can bycatch in a flatfish gillnet fishery be reduced with rectangular mesh?

Gillnets fished in North Carolina, USA, estuaries have high rates of bycatch relative to the target catch of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert. This study tested whether rectangular‐mesh gillnets would maintain catch rates of southern flounder and reduce fish bycatch relative to conventional diamond‐mesh gillnets in two North Carolina estuaries. In the Neuse River estuary, catch rates of legal southern flounder were not different between the two mesh shapes, but the bycatch of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus) and other fish species was reduced with rectangular‐mesh net. In the Newport River estuary, southern flounder and red drum catches were reduced in rectangular‐mesh net, but the decrease was greater for red drum. Catches of sublegal southern flounder were reduced in the rectangular‐mesh net in both estuaries. Reduced catch rates of sublegal southern flounder and bycatch species suggest rectangular mesh may help manage stocks of estuarine fish species in areas where gillnets are used to target flatfishes.     

低温速冻处理对美国红鱼-20℃冻藏生化特性的影响

以盐溶性蛋白质含量、巯基含量、ATPase活性、pH值、感观评定等为指标,研究美国红鱼在-20℃冻藏中肌肉蛋白质生化特性的变化情况。结果表明,无论是-20℃直接冻结还是-80℃低温速冻,在冻藏过程中随着时间的延长,美国红鱼的肌动球蛋白盐溶性、巯基含量以及ATPase活性均呈下降趋势;除冻藏后期外,低温速冻处理能降低美国红鱼蛋白质冷冻变性的程度。     

打击揉搓式花生脱壳机脱壳性能影响因素探析

打击揉搓式花生脱壳机是目前我国市场上广泛使用的花生脱壳机具之一。为改进脱壳机设计,提高脱壳性能,研究在大量文献检索与调查研究的基础上,主要从设备特性、脱壳工艺以及物料品种特性三方面对影响其剥净率及果仁破伤率的因素进行了系统探析,并提出了相关对策和建议,以期为该类花生脱壳设备的性能提升和创新研发提供参考。     

Dietary protein requirement of juvenile shi drum,Umbrina cirrosa (L.)

This study was undertaken to determine the dietary protein requirement of shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa L.) with an initial weight of 86.3±0.4 g. The fish were fed five isoenergetic diets containing dietary protein levels ranging from 35% to 59% by 6% increments [the estimated digestible protein (DP) levels ranged between 29.6% and 52.8%], and the growth response over a 10‐week period was monitored. Each experimental diet was given to triplicate groups of fish. The final weight, weight gain and daily growth coefficient increased with the dietary protein level, reaching a plateau at the dietary level of 47% protein. The feed conversion ratio improved with increasing dietary protein level. The daily feed intake was significantly lower in fish fed 53% and 59% protein diets compared with those fed 35% protein diet. However, protein intake showed an increasing trend with increasing dietary protein and became significantly different between the 59% and the 35% protein diets. The protein efficiency ratio, protein retention and condition factor were not affected significantly by the dietary treatments. The final body composition was not influenced by the treatments. The recommended dietary protein percentage and DP/digestible energy (DE) ratio for juvenile shi drum diets are 51.4% (45.6% DP) and 28.5 g DP MJ DE^?1 respectively.     

淡水石首鱼幼鱼外部形态与内部解剖学特征

世界上275种石首鱼类中仅有极少数终生生活在淡水中,北美洲特有的淡水石首鱼(Aplodinotus grunniens)是其中一种,其形态学和内部解剖学特征研究对探讨石首鱼类的系统发育和进化具有重要价值。本研究较系统地对淡水石首鱼幼鱼的外部形态学可量可数性状进行测量,对内部主要器官结构及矢耳石特征进行解剖学观察。结果显示:除了吻端、颐部和峡部外,淡水石首鱼体被两种鳞片,头部两侧的鳃盖及眼睛周边覆盖小圆鳞,头后身体包括喉部均被栉鳞,且在头背交界处存在两种鳞片的过渡类型;侧线鳞从头后一直延伸至尾鳍的1/2处。腹鳍第一鳍条膜稍延长形成特有的鳍丝。黏液孔主要分布在颐部,为五孔型;具有犬牙状的颌齿和咽齿,所有齿尖均向口腔内部方向弯曲,上咽齿盘分为左右对称的2个咽齿盘,而下咽齿盘愈合为一体;消化道主要由口咽腔、较短的食道、卜形胃、具有2个弯转的肠道及肛门组成,在胃与肠交界处具有7个环状排列的指状幽门盲囊。矢耳石的形态特征与中国的黄唇鱼相似。基于外部形态学和内部解剖学特征,讨论分析了淡水石首鱼与中国石首鱼物种的亲缘关系。淡水石首鱼归属于低级底栖肉食性鱼类,这与其特定的生态习性和摄食特性等相符合。本研究旨在为中国淡水石首鱼人工驯养和紫黑翼蚌的规模化寄生繁育奠定基础,也为探讨石首鱼类在海淡水区域地理格局演化提供了基础资料。     

平衡鼓间隙对首级叶轮前泵腔压力及多级泵轴向力的影响

平衡鼓的轴向力平衡能力是多级离心泵发生故障并影响其寿命的关键因素。该文采用数值模拟方法,在多级泵的外特性、平衡管内压力和泄漏量的数值计算结果与试验结果基本一致的基础上,研究了平衡鼓间隙泄漏量变化对首级叶轮前泵腔的压力分布、首级叶轮及整个叶轮轴向力的影响。研究结果表明:首级叶轮前泵腔中的漩涡区是腔体内压力变化的主要原因。当平衡鼓间隙由0增大到0.5 mm时,首级叶轮的轴向力在间隙为0时最大,在间隙为0.3 mm时最小,其最小值为最大值的20.6%;整个叶轮所受轴向力随着平衡鼓间隙增大呈先减小后增大的趋势。无量纲化的平衡鼓间隙面积大于6.6×10-3时,由于平衡鼓前后压差较小,已无法有效平衡轴向力,在此范围轴承发生断轴的风险较大。该研究可为多级泵平衡鼓设计提供参考。     

纵轴流复脱分离装置设计与试

为了研究切流与纵轴流组合式脱粒分离装置的作业性能,在纵轴流脱粒分离清选试验台上,对钉齿滚筒、矩形齿滚筒和钉齿-短纹杆板齿组合式滚筒进行了台架试验,比较其夹带损失率、未脱净率、脱出物轴向分布规律、含杂率和功耗.试验结果表明,3种复脱滚筒在脱粒小麦时夹带损失率小,脱净率高;相对钉齿滚筒及矩形齿滚筒而言,钉齿-短纹杆板齿组合式滚筒脱出物轴向分布均匀,含杂率和功耗较低.     

基于EDEM的马铃薯收获机分离输送装置仿真分析

为了实现提高马铃薯收获效率并减少其机械损伤,关键在于优化滚筒式马铃薯收获机分离输送装置的运动参数,包括滚筒筛转速、切削角度和行进速度.为此,建立了土壤颗粒的仿真模型、马铃薯颗粒的仿真模型和马铃薯收获机分离输送装置的仿真模型,通过EDEM软件仿真土壤和马铃薯颗粒的分离输送试验并收集数据;运用Design-expert软件...