基于SBE法的北京市郊野公园绿地结构质量评价技术

以北京市已建的郊野公园为研究对象,共收集46张一般绿地景观照片、50张建筑与小品和道路等人造硬质景观周边绿地景观照片、54张滨水植物景观照片和相关资料,采用景观美景度评判法对郊野公园这3种绿地类型进行景观评判,并利用多元数量化模型Ⅰ构建相应的美景度模型,对绿地结构的质量进行评价。结果表明:影响一般绿地结构主要因素为绿视率、郁闭度、植物色彩数量、植物色彩对比度、生活型构成和植物野趣程度;影响人造硬质景观周边绿地结构的主要因素为相对枝下高、总体协调性、栽植方式、枝叶密度和建筑物风格;影响滨水植物景观结构的主要因素为植被空间占有率、总体协调性、栽植方式和层片结构。根据景观美景度模型所反映的群众喜欢度,对郊野公园上述3种绿地的结构调整提出如下经营建议:1)对于一般绿地,应充分利用野生花草和乡土灌木,构建以乔灌草为主的林分结构,以增大绿地的绿视率,促进植被向近自然方向发展;结合密度调整,对现有绿地进行局部物种组成调整,充分利用不同色系植物营造出具有一定变化和对比度的景观;建议将郁闭度控制在0.6～0.8;加大大径级林木的培育力度,营造疏密有致的林下游憩空间;2)对于建筑、小品和道路等人造硬质景观周边绿地,可通过合理的植...     

吉林天佛指山国家级保护区栎窄吉丁虫害造成的柞树立木蓄积损失估算

2006年,栎窄吉丁虫害在吉林天佛指山国家级自然保护区突发成灾,造成柞树林木大量枯死.专项调查结果显示,虫害总分布面积1 530 hm2,其中:低虫口面积728 hm2 ,轻度发生面积469 hm2 ,中度发生面积227 hm2 ,重度发生面积106 hm2.根据栎窄吉丁虫害发生危害程度分级标准和柞树立木蓄积查定结果,...     

运用PLS算法由HJ-1A/1B遥感影像估测区域小麦实际单产

为进一步提高遥感估产精度,显示国产影像在农业估产中的应用效果。该研究以2010-2013年HJ-1A/1B影像为遥感数据,分析了卫星遥感变量与小麦实际单产的定量关系,运用偏最小二乘回归算法构建及验证了以实际单产为目标的多变量遥感估产模型,并制作了小麦实际单产空间等级分布图。研究表明:实际单产与所选用的大多数遥感变量间关系密切,且多数遥感变量两两间具有严重的多重相关关系;实际单产偏最小二乘回归模型的最佳主成分为5,且植被衰减指数、绿色归一化植被指数、调整土壤亮度的植被指数、比值植被指数和归一化植被指数为实际单产遥感估测的敏感变量;建模集和验证集实际单产估测模型的决定系数分别为0.74和0.70,均方根误差分别为754.05和748.20 kg/hm2,相对误差分别为11.5%和8.88%,且估测精度比线性回归算法分别提高20%以上和40%以上,比主成分分析算法分别提高18%以上和30%以上,说明偏最小二乘回归算法模型估测区域实际单产的效果要明显好于线性回归和主成分分析算法,该模型应用结果与小麦实际单产区域分布情况相符合,为提高区域小麦实际单产的遥感估测精度提供了一种途径。     

结合遥感技术与水稻生长模型来预算水稻产量

Since remote sensing can provide information on the actual status of an agricultural crop, the integration betwee nremote sensing data and crop growth simulation models has become an important trend for yield estimation and prediction. The main objective of this research was to combine a rice growth simulation model with remote sensing data to estimate rice grain yield for different growing seasons leading to an assessment of rice yield at regional levels. Integration between NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data and the rice growth simulation model ORYZA1 to develop a new software, which was named as Rice-SRS Model, resulted in accurate estimates for rice yield in Shaoxing, China, with an estimation error reduced to 1.03% and 0.79% over-estimation and 0.79% under-estimation for early, single and late season rice, respectively. Selecting suitable dates for remote sensing images was an important factor which could influence estimation accuracy. Thus, given the different growing periods for each rice season, four images were needed for early and late rice, while five images were preferable for single season rice. Estimating rice yield using two or three images was possible, however, if images were obtained during the panicle initiation and heading stages.     

One intra prediction mode selection algorithm based on edge direction detection in H.〖STHZ〗264〖ST〗

Motion estimation is the most complex part in H.264. Intra prediction is an important part of motion estimation. There are a number of intra prediction modes in H.264, which no doubt greatly increase encoding complexity. In intra prediction, the way of choosing prediction method is rate distortion optimization or using correlation properties. For complexity problem, the paper provides an improved intra prediction mode selection algorithm. This algorithm uses a new detection method to detect the pixel correlation in the direction of mode selection. Test results show that the algorithm has reduced the computational complexity and increased the encoding speed highly in the premise of ensuring video quality.     

遥感区域大小对森林蓄积估测影响规律的研究

该文将 1幅TM遥感图像分别分成 1 4及 1 2幅 ,通过实例分析了 1 4,1 2及整幅TM图像所能达到的几何精校正精度 .然后 ,以样地对应的遥感和GIS信息为影响森林蓄积估测的变量 ,采用最小二乘原理及岭迹分析 ,研究了上述 3种不同面积幅值图像对应林区影响森林蓄积估测的主要变量 .由 3种不同面积遥感区域蓄积估测方程中所含变量的个数、种类及预报精度 ,详细分析了遥感区域大小对蓄积估测的影响规律     

应用NOAA/AVHRR遥感资料对阿拉善草地进行动态监测的研究

应用ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ遥感资料对阿拉善地区的６个荒漠类草地进行了生长季内的动态监测。结果表明，应用ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ遥感资料对阿拉善荒漠进行动态监测是可行的而且是必要的；提出了以“面”取样，“面”与“面”样本区配的建模方式，克服了以往建模方法中样本间“点”对“点”不能很好匹配的缺点。     

人才培养模式探析

人才培养模式是对人才培养过程的总体表述，属于过程范畴，它和办学模式、教学模式、培养途径、培养方法等其它教育范畴存在着差异，人才培养模式由培养目标、培养制度、培养过程和培养评价四个子系统的构成，是系统性与独立性的统一，是中介性与操作性的统一，是稳定性与灵活性的统一，是个性与共性的统一。     

毛竹叶斑枯病的损失估测及防治指标

研究表明,当毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocyclacv.Pubescens)对叶斑枯病(Coccostroma arundi-nariae)中度或重度感病时,新竹的直径生长、重量均受到严重影响,成竹的竹壁物质积累下降,感病林分的出笋量大大减少,严重阻碍了毛竹生产的发展.用材林的损失估测模型以逻辑斯蒂模型为最优:L=24.236 1/[(1+20.908 1exp(-0.107 1X)];笋用林的损失估测模型以简单线性回归模型为最优:L=5.0209+0.702 9X.     

Measurement of the Motion of Fertilizer Particles Leaving a Centrifugal Spreader Using a Fast Imaging System

Although mechanically simple, centrifugal spreaders used for mineral fertilization involve complex physics that cannot be fully characterized at the present time. We are developing sensors to evaluate the spatial distribution of the fertilizer on the ground based on the measurement of initial flight conditions of fertilizer granules after their ejection by the spreading disk. The techniques developed are based on the analysis of images of the area around the disk showing the granule ejection. A high resolution – low cost imaging system for the analysis of high speed particle projection developed for this specific purpose is presented in this paper. The system, based on a camera and a sequence of flashes, is used to characterize the centrifugal spreading of fertilizer particles ejected at speeds of approximately 30ms^–1. It automatically computes the direction of ejection and velocity of each granule observed in the image. Multi-exposure images collected with the camera installed perpendicular to the output flow of granules are analyzed to estimate the trajectories of the fertilizer granules, using different motion estimation methods.