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121.
植保无人机旋翼风场模型与雾滴运动机理研究进展 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
近几年,植保无人机施药技术在中国获得广泛应用,并逐渐发展为国内主要植保技术之一。但由于对植保无人机施药技术基础理论研究不够深入,相关机理尚不明晰,且植保无人机作业平台的稳定性依然有待提高,导致国内植保无人机施药效果不够理想。深入研究植保无人机施药技术的基础理论,理论结合试验结果共同指导植保无人机田间施药是提高其施药效果的经典方法。该研究综述了植保无人机旋翼风场分布特性、雾滴与无人机旋翼风场交互机理、雾滴沉降与飘移机理、雾滴与叶片表面的交互机理及雾滴分散和蒸发特性等植保无人机施药技术基础理论及其模型构建情况的国内外研究现状,并结合其基础理论与模型构建的国内外研究现状,给出植保无人机施药技术的未来发展建议,以期为植保无人机施药技术的发展提供参考。 相似文献
122.
为了探究模拟氮沉降条件下杉木幼苗光合及叶绿素荧光特征变化规律,从光合生理的角度探讨不同季节杉木幼苗对氮沉降的短期响应。选取杉木幼苗为实验对象,模拟氮沉降实验,设置4个处理水平对照(N0)、低氮(N30:30 kg/(hm2·a)、中氮(N60:60 kg/(hm2·a)、高氮(N90:90 kg/(hm2·a)。结果表明:添加氮以后,杉木幼苗的净光合速率(Pn),初始荧光产量(F0)、最大荧光产量(Fm)、最大PSII光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII潜在活性(Fv/F0)显著降低,水分利用率(Wue)显著增高(P<0.05)。随着氮沉降水平的增加,气孔导度(Gs)与蒸腾速率(Tr)呈现先升高后下降趋势,水分利用率呈现先下降后升高趋势。在中氮和高氮处理下,Fv/Fm、Fv/F0值显著降低(P<... 相似文献
123.
Jorge Dias Rebeca Rueda-Jasso Stephan Panserat Luis E C da Conceição Emidio F Gomes & Maria T Dinis 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(12):1122-1130
A study was undertaken to determine the effect of various dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth performance, whole‐body composition and tissue lipid content in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles. Data on the dietary regulation of key hepatic enzymes of the lipogenic and glycolytic pathways (glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD; malic enzyme, ME; fatty acid synthetase, FAS; pyruvate kinase, PK and glucokinase, GK) were also generated. Four isonitrogenous (crude protein: 52% dry matter (DM)) diets were formulated to contain one of two lipid levels (11% and 21% DM). Within each dietary lipid level, the nature of the carbohydrate fraction (raw or extruded peas) was varied. Triplicate groups of 54 sole (initial body weight: 23.6±1.2 g) were grown in recirculated seawater over 67 days. Fish were fed using automated feeders. At the end of the study, whole‐body, liver, viscera and muscle samples were withdrawn for analyses. During the experimental period, the mean fish weight about doubled in all treatments. No significant differences were found in growth performance (ranging from 1.1% to 1.4% body weight day?1) among dietary treatments. High‐fat diets increased whole‐body fat content. Similarly, daily fat gain ranged from 0.54 to 0.78 g kg?1 day?1 and highest values were found in fish fed high‐lipid diets. Dietary treatments also affected tissue lipid content (liver, viscera and muscle), with highest values in fish fed high‐fat diets. The nature of dietary carbohydrates had little influence on performance criteria, but affected tissue lipid deposition. The activities of G6PD, ME and FAS were depressed by elevated levels of dietary lipid, confirming the inhibitory effect of dietary fats on lipid biosynthesis. At both dietary lipid levels, ME and FAS activities were little affected by dietary carbohydrate. Activities of PK and GK were not affected by the starch level of the diets. In Senegalese sole juveniles, the lipogenic pathway is more susceptible to modulation by dietary means (particularly through lipid intake) than the glycolytic pathway. 相似文献
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126.
农业航空喷雾雾滴漂移及其数学分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过田间试验研究,探索了装配GP—81喷头的运五型飞机喷洒2,4—D丁酯乳油稀释液的雾滴漂移状况,建立了有关数学模型。研究表明,较低蒸发度的水雾滴漂移距离为340m,较高挥发度的2,4—D丁酯漂移距离达700m;雾滴密度和沉降量随下风距离增加而减小较快,雾滴直径减小较慢;气象因子和喷液配方对雾滴漂移有重要影响;三次多项式方程Y=b_0 b_1X b_2X~2 b_3X~3能很好地描述雾滴漂移与下风距离的关系,模型中的参数具有明确的实际意义,提出了喷洒2,4—D丁酯时的有效隔离带宽度。 相似文献
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128.
The combined occurrence of ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma has been described in Cairn Terriers. Recently, this condition was also observed in two other breeds: the Boxer (two cases) and the Labrador Retriever (one case). Six dogs were referred to the Ophthalmology section of the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals and to a private referral clinic because of glaucoma or blindness in one or both eyes. In five cases ophthalmic examination showed pigment depositions in the sclera around the entire circumference of the perilimbal zone. Eight enucleated eyes (four eyes of two Cairn Terriers, three eyes of two Boxers and one eye of a Labrador Retriever) were examined microscopically. All eyes showed the same findings: an extensive infiltration of large melanin-containing cells with an eccentric nucleus, located in the iris, ciliary body, retina, choroids and sclera. Transmission electron microscopy of two of the examined eyes revealed that the morphology of most of these cells was consistent with melanophages. While reports in the veterinary literature concerning this condition are limited the cells concerned have been described to be melanocytes. Further research is needed to conclusively identify the cell type. As described in the present report, the histologic and transmission electron microscopic findings suggest a different etiology of the ocular pigment deposition and glaucoma compared with the pigment dispersal syndrome in humans. 相似文献
129.
O. Carisse D. Rolland B. Talbot S. Savary 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(1):13-24
Scab is an important disease of apple and its control depends almost exclusively on frequent use of fungicides. Primary scab infection in the spring assumes several steps: ascospore maturation, liberation of ascospores that become airborne, deposition on susceptible tissues, and infection. However, the spatial heterogeneity of ascospores within the tree canopy is unknown. Aerial concentration of ascospore (ACA), ascospore concentration in rain water (ACR) and ascospore deposition (AD) were therefore measured at six heights (20–257 cm from the ground) with rotating-arm air samplers, funnels, and greased glass slides, respectively, during five rain events in 2001 and in 2002. In addition, ACR and AD were measured at eight locations within tree canopy at 196 cm height. Apple scab was assessed at the end of the primary infection period in each sampling location within the apple tree. A similar experimental design was used in 2003 to study the spatial heterogeneity of both AD and primary scab lesions. ACA and AD decreased with increasing height, while ACR increased with increasing height. Based on both variance to mean ratio and the power law relationship in both years, the ACR was heterogeneous, while AD was heterogeneous only during the peaks of ascospore release. The ACR was significantly higher at the centre of the trees and the AD was significantly higher at the centre and at the western edge of the trees. Only the cumulative AD was significantly correlated with apple scab lesions at the same location (r = 0.83). In 2003, a similar pattern of spatial heterogeneity within the tree canopy was observed for AD and primary scab lesion counts and there was a linear relationship (R
2 = 0.84) between these two variables. It was concluded that ACR and AD within the tree canopy are not randomly distributed at least during peaks of ascospore release and that AD is a good estimate of primary scab lesion development. This spatial heterogeneity should be considered when estimating ascospore deposition using mathematical models or when quantifying ascosporic inoculum using spore samplers. 相似文献
130.
S. De Baets J. Meersmans V. Vanacker T. A. Quine K. Van Oost 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(1):65-76
This research investigates the impact of human activities on carbon (C) dynamics in a mountainous and semi‐arid environment. Despite the low C status of drylands, soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest C pool in these systems and therefore may offer significant C sequestration potential in systems recovering from degradation. Nevertheless, quantification of this potential is limited by lack of knowledge concerning the magnitude of and controls on regional SOC stocks. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) investigate the variability of soil organic carbon in relation to recovery period and key soil and topographical variables, and (ii) quantify the effects of recovery period following abandonment on SOC stocks. Soil profiles were sampled in the Sierra de los Filabres (southeast Spain) in different land units along geomorphic and degradation gradients. SOC contents were modelled using recovery period and soil and topographical variables. Sample depth, topographic position, altitude, recovery period and stone content were identified as the main factors for predicting SOC concentrations. SOC stocks in 1 m depth of soil varied between 3.16 and 76.44 t/ha. Recovery period (years since abandonment), topographic position and altitude were used to predict and map SOC stocks in the top 0.2 m. The results show that C accumulates rapidly during the first 10–50 yr following abandonment; thereafter, the stocks evolve towards a steady‐state level. The erosion zones in the study area demonstrate greater potential to increase their SOC stocks when abandoned. Deposition zones have greater SOC values, although their C accumulation rate is lower compared with erosional landscapes in the first 10–50 yr following abandonment. Therefore, full understanding of the C sequestration potential of land use change in areas of complex topography requires knowledge of spatial variability in soil properties and in particular SOC. 相似文献