A study to determine an equation of enveloping curve for regional flood peaks by maximum rainfall data

In this paper, Creagers equation and Groups equation are algebraically examined to determine an equation of an enveloping curve for regional flood peaks from the viewpoint of the curve profile. The applicability of a small drainage area with little observed data on flood peak discharge was examined in comparison to specific flood peak discharge calculated by a rational formula using data of maximum rainfall. In the algebraical consideration, the Creagers equation had an extreme value at a drainage area A=1.0 km², and the specific flood peak discharge became a maximum. Flood peak discharge calculated by Groups equation had an extreme value at a drainage area A=6,568 km², and it became a maximum. Except for Hokkaido, in catchment areas not exceeding 1,178 km², Groups curve q _K was closer to the curve q _DAD of specific flood discharge than Creagers curve qc. From the above research results, the Groups equation is applicability better than the Creagers equation, as the drainage area A is 1,178 km² or less.     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区典型流域农业生态系统生产力研究--以纸坊沟为例

以生态环境脆弱的黄土高原丘陵沟壑区典型小流域纸坊沟为例，研究它的由植物初级生产力、动物次级生产力、农户经济生产力及生态系统服务生产力组成的农业生态系统生产力各组分的特征及相互间的耦合与相悖关系．采用一些定性和定量的指标初步分析了小流域乃至黄土高原地区的农业发展问题。     

发情期大熊猫阴道分泌物细菌分析

寄生菌是动物体非特异性免疫的重要组成部分,体表或体内的微生态系统对于牵制或抑制外来有害病原体起到重要作用。生殖道内的寄生菌对于维持生殖道内的稳态起着重要作用。2011年年初在对北京动物园2只健康的雌性大熊猫“萌萌”和“瑛华”进行人工授精过程中,抽取阴道深部（约15cm处）分泌物,于有氧和无氧两种条件下,进行了细菌培养。2只大熊猫的培养结果完全相同。均主要有三株细菌,利用API鉴定试剂条鉴定的结果是L群链球菌、溶血性大肠杆菌和乳杆菌。对数量较多的链球菌和溶血性大肠杆菌进行了药物敏感试验以及16sRNA的测定。药物敏感试验结果显示这两株细菌对大多数抗生素均敏感。16sRNA序列测定结果进一步印证了API菌株鉴定的结果。     

活熊取胆最佳手术程序的建立及对机体某些指标的影响

本试验通过38只黑熊的取胆手术,对活熊取胆手术的几个关键性问题——麻醉剂量和方法、最佳的手术通路以及引流器的使用等进行了比较众究,确立了比较合理的手术程序,并观察了术后取胆3个月时对机体的影响.实验结果表明:846合剂与盐酸氯胺酮对黑熊混合麻醉的效果较好,其最佳剂量为816合剂0.06±0.010mL/kg、盐酸氯胺酮1.390±0.398mg/kg,取胆手术的最佳通路为腹下壁,胸骨突至切口前角的距离是4～7cm(100kg以下的熊4～6cm,100kg以上的熊6～7cm),偏腹白线右侧1～2cm,平行于白线向后切开8～12cm;分别缝两针将胆囊固定在切口两侧的腹膜边缘上效果最佳;取胆所用的引流器以头部开花常流式内固定者为好;活熊取胆汁3个月时,对其血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶,血液红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积容量等无显著影响,但血清总蛋白、白蛋白、胆固醇、胆红素的含量减少,球蛋白含量、血液中白细胞数增加.     

Streptococcus equi Infections in Horses: Guidelines for Treatment,Control, and Prevention of Strangles—Revised Consensus Statement

This consensus statement update reflects our current published knowledge and opinion about clinical signs, pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, complications, and control of strangles. This updated statement emphasizes varying presentations in the context of existing underlying immunity and carrier states of strangles in the transmission of disease. The statement redefines the “gold standard” for detection of possible infection and reviews the new technologies available in polymerase chain reaction diagnosis and serology and their use in outbreak control and prevention. We reiterate the importance of judicious use of antibiotics in horses with strangles. This updated consensus statement reviews current vaccine technology and the importance of linking vaccination with currently advocated disease control and prevention programs to facilitate the eradication of endemic infections while safely maintaining herd immunity. Differentiation between immune responses to primary and repeated exposure of subclinically infected animals and responses induced by vaccination is also addressed.     

Low reproductive performance and high sow mortality in a pig breeding herd: a case study

Sow performance is a key component of the productivity of commercial pig farms. Reproductive failure in the sow is common in pig production. For every 100 sows served, 89 should farrow. In absence of specific diseases such as porcine parvovirus, pseudo-rabies, swine fever, leptospirosis and brucellosis, management failures are the most important causes of loss. A syndrome associated with reproductive inefficiency, and post-service vaginal discharge and high sow mortality in a commercial pig farm is described. Pregnancy failures exceeded 20% and sow mortality exceeded 12% for two consecutive years. The abnormal post-service vaginal discharge rate was 1.7% during the period of investigation.An investigation involving an analysis of farm records, a review of breeding management practices, clinical examinations, laboratory analysis and examination of urogenital organs was conducted.The main contributing factors found were a sub-optimal gilt breeding management, an inadequate culling policy in combination with a sub-optimal culling rate and the presence of cystitis in more than 1% of the urogenital organs examined. The high sow mortality rate was related to an aged breeding herd.A control programme was recommended based on management changes involving oestrus detection, movement of gilts post-service, hygiene in the service area, boar exposure post-service and urinary acidification. This programme failed to increase the farrowing rate due to incomplete implementation of the recommendations made. The farrowing rate increased to 86.5% subsequent to a farm manager change in January 2005, which resulted in complete implementation of the control programme.     

Technical Note: Coccygeal vein catheterization for sampling of reproductive tract-derived products from the uterine–ovarian drainage

Blood sample collection from the caudal vena cava at the site of uterine–ovarian drainage provides a more exact evaluation of the concentration and pattern of secretion of uterine or ovarian secreted products for studies of reproductive processes in cyclic and pregnant cattle compared with samples collected from general circulation. This paper describes a thorough and updated procedure for cannulating the coccygeal vein into the caudal vena cava for the collection of serial blood samples at or near the site of uterine–ovarian drainage. Concentrations of progesterone were quantified in cows of different reproductive tract sizes with an active corpus luteum to assess the distance for proper catheter placement compared with circulating concentrations collected from the jugular vein. This procedure has a low risk for side effects, can be used effectively in pregnant animals with no major consequence to the viability of the pregnancy, and provides means for frequent collections up to 12 d.     

下游水电站运用方式对施工导截流影响的研究

以苗尾水电站为例,研究了截流过程中下游不同水位运用方式对导流洞水位流量的影响。试验表明,下游水位高,会影响导流洞进口水位和出流状况,并且龙口流速和单宽功率较低。并且水位越高,对导截流的影响越大。     

淹水历时与排水对夏玉米叶面积和产量的影响

通过防雨棚下测坑试验,研究了不同淹水历时和是否排水对夏玉米叶面积、产量及其性状、生物产量的影响,结果表明:夏玉米植株绿叶数和叶面积指数(LAI)随着淹水历时增加而急剧减少,与CK(无淹水)相比,排水条件下FD4、FD5、FD6、FD7和FD9绿叶数分别减少12.50%、10.71%、19.64%、32.14%和42.86%,无排水条件下FUD4、FUD5、FUD6分别减少21.43%、37.50%和51.79%;各处理LAI变化幅度类似于绿叶数,与CK相比,排水条件下LAI平均减少21.81%,无排水条件下LAI平均减少38.32%;相同淹水历时条件下,不排水处理对玉米叶面积抑制作用明显高于排水处理。夏玉米穗长、穗粒数、百粒重随着淹水历时增加呈减小趋势,秃尖长呈增大趋势,籽粒产量和生物产量减产幅度增加;与CK相比,排水条件下,淹水历时超5d后减产明显增加,淹水历时每增加1d,减产率增加7%左右;无排水的条件下,FUD4、FUD5和FUD6分别减产34.06%、49.64%和58.82%;相同淹水历时4d、5d和6d,排水与否减产率分别相差31.20个百分点、45.57个百分点和40.82个百分点。夏玉米排水指标为:在夏玉米抽雄期排水情况下,淹水历时应低于6d,籽粒产量减幅可控制在5%以内;在没有排水条件下,淹水历时应小于4d,否则减产在30%以上。