Agronomic Variability in Selected Triticum turgidum x T. tauschii Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats

Two trials were conducted at the Mexican National Institute of Agricultural Research Experiment Station at Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico to investigate the nature and extent of agronomic variation in 50 synthetic hexaploid (SH) wheats (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) derived from Triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28. AABB) × T. tauschii (In = 2x = 14, DD) crosses for subsequent use in wheat improvement. Plant height, spike length, days to flowering, physiological maturity, grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, harvest index, yield components and test weight were determined.
Significant agronomic variation was observed among the germplasm evaluated. Outstanding SH genotypes were identified with higher grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, 1000-grain weight, and spikes m⁻² than the bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) check cultivar Seri 82. Genotypic correlations of grain yield with other character traits show that grain m² was the most important determinant of gram yield (r = 0.993). Data on agronomic traits subjected to complete linkage cluster analysis resulted in classifying the genotypes into two distinct phenotypic groups excluding Seri 82. Groups generally corresponded to durum progenitors of the SH with significant group differences for all characters. This demonstrates use of practical numerical analysis procedures to describe agronomic variation in representative SH genotypes. Clustering by quantitativy traits may be valuable for identification of genotypes with divergent sources for breeding and agronomic purposes.     

用拓扑变换对空间连杆机构按极限位置和行程速比的综合

空间两轴垂直交叉的RSSR曲柄摇杆机构和RSSP曲柄滑块机构,是空间连杆机构中应用最广泛的四连杆机构。本文运用拓扑变换原理,对RSSR和RSSP这两种机构,按极限位置和行程速比的综合进行了分析研究。导出了其尺寸参数的计算公式,并提出了电子计算机辅助设计和绘图的程序框图,以定量的方法分析设计机构的可动性,这一方法具有图文并茂,形数结合,结论准确,容易理解等特点,编成软件后,使用极其方便。因而,是一种较为理想的方法。可供有条件的单位应用。     

行程速比系数K≥3时曲柄摇杆机构的解析法设计

论证曲柄摇杆机构的极位夹角θ取值范围为0°～180°,其相应的行程速比系数k为1～∞,为设计k≥3的曲柄摇杆机构提供了理论依据;给出当k≥3时,按不同条件设计曲柄摇杆机构的解析方法,并提出按工作行程中的最小传动角来校验曲柄摇杆机构的传力性能。     

Biological Variability and Measurement Error Variability in Ocular Biometry in Samoyed Dogs

A-scan ultrasonography was performed in 40 healthy Samoyeds aged 2–5 years. Mydriasis and cycloplegia were induced in all dogs and 25 of the dogs were also sedated prior to the ultrasound examination. Five consecutive A-scans were taken on each eye and the intrasubject variance (measurement error) and true intersubject variance (true biological variation) were computed. The true biological variation was found to be of the same magnitude in both sedated and unsedated dogs, whereas the measurement errors were considerably larger in the group of unsedated dogs compared to the sedated ones. Magnitudes of the measurement errors for the anterior chamber depth and length of the vitreous body in the unsedated group were unacceptable. The sizes of the measurement errors in the sedated dogs were all within an acceptable range.     

中国美利奴羊睾丸生精过程的季节性变化规律研究

用组织学方法对中国美利奴公羊四季睾丸的生精过程研究结果表明,公羊的各级生精细胞数量、精子发生率以及精子日产量等均呈季节性变化,秋季最高,冬春季最低(仅为秋季的60%～70%);繁殖季节与非繁殖季节差异极显着(p<0.001);睾丸中曲细精管直径、生精上皮高度以及生精细胞、内分泌细胞的数密度呈现明显的季节性规律变化。     

不同产地杉木种子游离氨基酸含量的初步分析

不同产地杉木种子均含有17种游离氨基酸，这与其它种子所含游离氨基酸种类基本一致。不同产地杉木种子游离氨基酸总量的变异趋势不同于杉木种子形态及发芽率的变异趋势。但其中某些氨基酸的变异趋势与种子发芽率呈负相关，表明杉木种子的发芽率可能与种子所含的某些游离氨基酸有关。不同产地杉木种子游离氨基酸总含量与干湿度指数呈负相关，说明杉木种子游离氨基酸总含量的地理变异亦可能是气候的差异所引起。     

新疆野生苹果表型多样性研究

对中国新疆霍城野生苹果林进行了性状调查,结果表明:各性状均普遍存在多样性,性状变异系数大部分大于0.2％,充分表现出变异具有一定的广度和宽度。其中抗逆性和冠密度2个性状处于显著变异状态,不同生态条件影响了各个性状的变异系数大小和百分率的多少,群体中存在着多样性。通过聚类分析证明性状变异与野生苹果分布地点有较大关系。新疆野生苹果所处的生态条件复杂,遗传变异类型丰富,整个野生群体可以看作是该树种的基因库,是苹果中不可再造的宝贵种质资源。     

泾河上游典型站近45年参考作物蒸散量变化特征

为了更好地探讨泾河上游地区植被耗水的变化情况,利用泾河上游4个典型站点近45 a的逐日气象资料,采用Penman-Monteith公式,计算了日参考作物蒸散量,并对ETo的日、月、年值的变化特征进行了分析,同时分析了影响ET0的主要气候因子.结果表明:泾河上游ET0的日均值和月均值与大气温度、日照时数等气象要素均达到极显著相关,与风速的相关程度最低,ET0日变化和月变化均呈现为相似的单峰型变化趋势,峰值出现在夏季7月份.近45年来,只有隆德ET0年值呈显著性增加,其他站ET0年值变化不明显.固原的夏季,隆德的冬、夏、秋季的ET0呈显著性变化,其他站各季节变化均不明显.     

1982-2006年华北植被指数时空变化特征

利用1982-2006年GIMMS/NDVI数据,研究华北近25 a来植被指数在时间和空间上的变化。结果表明:①植被指数的年内变化呈单峰型,最大值出现在夏季,其中北京市NDVI最大,森林NDVI比农田和草地NDVI大;②华北年平均NDVI呈增加趋势,河北省植被指数增加最快,北京市次之,不同土地覆盖类型中,农田NDVI增加最快,草地次之,森林最小;③空间趋势分析结果显示,华北植被指数改善的面积占整个地区面积的15.96%,退化面积占11.86%,其中,河北省改善面积最大,内蒙古退化较明显,不同土地覆盖类型中,农田植被改善最明显;④基于华北近年暖干化发展趋势下,人类活动对该区域NDVI变化起到了重要作用。