土剪切面的力学性能研究

本文研究了土剪切面力学性能。对2种密度的砂和2种固结状态的粘土进行了直剪试验，测得剪切面上剪应力与剪切位移的关系。由试验资料发现，剪切面上的剪切应力与剪切位移关系可分为逐渐硬化和峰值后软化两种类型。对每种剪应力与剪切位移关系研究了变形和强度特性，给出了相应的数学模型，确定了模型参数及其影响因素。根据本文给出的数学模型，可以确定出在给定剪切位移下剪切面发挥的抗剪切应力。     

Evaluation of surface smoothness by laser displacement sensor 1: effect of wood species

The best methods for determining surface roughness in an industrial environment are of the noncontact variety, with reproduction of the profile. The objective of this work was to compare the roughness profile obtained by a contact stylus with a commercial laser displacement sensor (LDS). Measurements were done using 15 wood species with different densities and colors, based on which special triangle profiles were prepared. The accuracy of the laser sensor was examined by statistical analysis of roughness parameters measured from the profiles. Experimental results show that LDS profiles were imitated correctly. However, LDS accuracy depends on the scanned wood properties (density and color), installation position of the sensor, and profile shape. It was found that evaluation of dark and high-density wooden surfaces was imperfect.Part of this work was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000; and at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001     

Modern forestry vehicles and their impact on soil physical properties

Mechanized harvesting procedures for typical forest vehicles were analysed to examine soil stresses and displacements occurring in soil profiles and to reveal changes in physical properties of forest soils. All field experiments were carried out under traffic lanes of standard forest vehicles in forest stands of the southern Black Forest. The soil stresses were determined using stress state transducers (SST) and displacement transducer systems (DTS) at depths of 20 and 40 cm. Complete harvesting and trunk-logging processes with a total time span of 9 min were observed. The maximum vertical stresses for all experiments exceeded 200 kPa; some experiments showed maximum vertical stresses up to 500 kPa or more at a depth of 20 cm. To evaluate the impact of soil stresses on soil structure, the internal soil strength was determined by predicting the precompression stress. Comparison of soil stress data with the natural bearing capacity of the natural forest soil proves that sustainable traffic is not possible, irrespective of the vehicle type and the working process. Topsoil and subsoil compaction, an increase in the precompression stresses, deep rutting and vertical as well as horizontal soil displacement associated with shearing effects took place and affected the mechanical strength and the physical properties of forest soils. Considering these results, heavy forest machinery has a severe impact on soil physical properties such as air, heat, water fluxes and rootability. In order to sustain the present undamaged soil condition, a change in harvest logistics and organisation is necessary. This can be achieved with a permanent skid-trail system which has already been designed to implement new guidelines in Baden-Württemberg, Germany (Ministerium für Ernährung und ländlichen Raum, Baden-Württemberg 2003, p 27).     

Elastic-plastic Displacment Spectrume Based on the Elastic Acceleration Spectrume

This paper calculated the maximum elastic displacment respose based on the elastic acceleration spectrum in the current Seismic Design Code, and find the vary relations of the ratio of the elastic-plastic displacement to elastic displacement with the nature peorid of the SDOM systmes. The simplified formulas to calculate the elastic-plastic displacement are given based on the elastic acceleration specturem in the current Seismic Design Code by regression method.     

1株生物表面活性剂产生菌筛选及其条件优化

[目的]筛选1株生物表面活性剂高产量菌株,并对其发酵条件进行优化。[方法]利用血平板和油平板法,从油污水沟中分离得到1株生物表面活性剂高产菌,经形态、生理生化特征及16SrDNA鉴定,该菌为奇异变形杆菌E（Proteus mirabilis E）。对产生物表面活性剂的条件进行优化。[结果]结果表明,该茵在菜籽油15ml／L、（NH4）2S041．5g/L、pH值为8、接种量6％,37℃、200r／min发酵培养48h,生物表面活性剂的产量达到4．1g／L,是优化前的2．28倍。排油圈分析和TLC分析表明,菌株E发酵液排油圈直径为7．2cm,表面活性剂为糖脂类生物表面活性剂;该生物表面活性剂对菜籽油乳化能力较好,可以使乳化性能稳定保持14d以上。[结果]该研究结果为新型表面活性剂的开发和工业化生产奠定基础：     

地震区油气管道的应变与位移检测技术

为了对地震区油气管道所承受的附加应力进行有效检查,提出基于惯性导航技术的应变及位移检测方法,可对油气管道全线进行有效检测,及时发现管道位移和应变集中点。通过使用搭载惯性导航单元的内检测器对管道进行检测,并与地面标记点、里程计进行组合导航数据融合得到精确的管道中心线坐标后,进一步对管道弯曲应变进行计算,可有效查找管道全线的应变变化及位移区域,并能够检测应变及位移变化量。通过牵引试验验证了应变检测的正确性及数据重复性,该方法为地震区长输油气管道的安全运行提供了有效保障。     

Development of a hamster model of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection

The purpose of the study was to evaluate haemostatic function in cattle with abomasal displacement (AD) and to reflect the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Ten adult cattle with left displacement of abomasum (LDA) (group I), 10 adult cattle with right displacement of abomasum with volvulus (RDA) (group II) and 10 clinically healthy adult cattle (control group) were used as material. Numbers of platelets (PLT) and coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs), fibrinogen) were measured before the surgical treatment of cattle with LDA and RDA. APTT was prolonged only in group II compared with the control and group I (p<0.05). However, when the individual values of coagulation profiles of each cow were evaluated, two cattle in group I and three cattle in group II had at least three abnormal coagulation profiles, which reflect the occurrence of DIC. These cattle died after surgical treatment. The two cattle with LDA had abnormal APTT, FDPs and PLT values; three cattle with RDA had abnormal APTT, PT, TT, FDPs and PLT values. APTT (5 cases), FDPs (5 cases) and thrombocytopenia (5 cases) were the three most common abnormal tests on coagulation profile in the cattle with LDA and RDA. The results of the study indicate that cattle with AD had a spectrum of haemostatic dysfunction and that DIC was a significant risk factor for mortality.     

Reduced Activity of Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase in the Serum of Cows with Ketosis and Left Displacement of the Abomasum

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was evaluated in sera from cows with ketosis and in some with left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) that occurred during early lactation. The enzyme activities of 652±214 U (mean±SD) in cows with ketosis (n = 6) and 683±110 U in those with LDA (n = 5) were significantly (p<0.01) decreased compared to those in healthy normal cows (994±65 U, n = 8). Serum concentrations of free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters (CE) and phospholipids were similarly decreased in the two diseases. Cows whose LCAT activity and CE concentration were lower than the normal values were detected while in the non-lactating stage, and some of these cows had ketosis after parturition. It is suggested that evaluation of the LCAT activity and of the CE concentration during the non-lactating stage would be useful in detecting cows that are susceptible to postparturient disorders such as ketosis.     

Racing performance following the laryngeal tie-forward procedure: a case-controlled study

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The laryngeal tie-forward procedure (LTFP) is becoming widely used for correction of dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) despite the absence of an evidence-based assessment of its efficacy. HYPOTHESES: The LTFP returns racing performance to preoperative baseline levels and to that of matched controls; and post operative laryngohyoid position is associated with post operative performance. DESIGN AND POPULATION: Case-controlled study of racehorses undergoing a LTFP for dorsal displacement of the soft palate at Cornell University between October 2002 and June 2007. METHODS: The presence of at least one post operative start and race earnings ($) were used as outcome variables. Controls were matched by age, breed and sex from the third race prior to surgery. A novel radiographic reference system was used to determine laryngohyoid position pre- and post operatively. Data for definitively and presumptively diagnosed cases were analysed separately. RESULTS: During the study interval, 263 racehorses presented, of which 106 were included in the study; 36 had a definitive diagnosis of DDSP and 70 a presumptive diagnosis. Treated horses were equally likely to race post operatively as controls in the equivalent race. Treated horses had significantly lower earnings in the race before surgery than matched controls. The procedure moved the basihyoid bone dorsally and caudally and the larynx dorsally and rostrally. A more dorsal post operative basihyoid position and more dorsal and less rostral laryngeal position were associated with an increased probability of racing post operatively. CONCLUSIONS: Horses undergoing a LTFP are as likely to race post operatively as matched controls. The procedure restores race earnings to preoperative baseline levels and to those of matched controls. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study provides strong evidence supporting the use of the LTFP in racehorses. Further work is needed to determine the relationship between laryngohyoid conformation and nasopharyngeal stability in horses.     

流体瞬变对输流曲管位移影响研究

简要地介绍了当前曲管动力特性的分析方法,采用有限元法实现了管壁与流体的耦合,给出了管道流固耦合的有限元方程,针对90度的曲管,设定了管端入口处的冲击流速,研究了流体速度瞬变过程中曲管的位移特性,在流速变化及流速稳定阶段,分别对两端固支及悬臂曲管模型的管壁节点在不同时刻的坐标轴不同方向的位移进行了比较,判断出曲管节点位移随时间和速度的变化趋势以及位移极值出现的位置,这可为进一步的管道及管路系统的振动噪声研究及设计提供参考。