妥曲珠利固体分散物的制备

为增加难溶性药物妥曲珠利的溶出度,加速药物在体内的溶解,吸收,提高妥曲珠利的生物利用度。以聚乙二醇6000为载体,加入助溶剂Z,采用了熔融法来制备妥曲珠利固体分散体,用正交设计方法优选制剂工艺,确定出最优处方为：妥曲珠利：PEG-6000：助溶剂Z=1：6：1．6（g／g）。妥曲珠利原料药在水中溶解度为4．12×10^-4g／L;妥曲珠利－PEG-6000（1：6）的溶解度为0．78g／L,体外溶出度达到88．75％。初步稳定性实验结果表明妥曲珠利固体分散物比较稳定,在水溶液中可以稳定存在,将妥曲珠利制备成固体分散剂可以很好的提高其溶出度。     

水溶性氟苯尼考的研制

采用溶剂法固体分散技术制备氟苯尼考固体分散体,增加氟苯尼考的水溶性,提高其生物利用度,为进一步制成理想剂型打下基础。通过高效液相色谱法测定氟苯尼考固体分散体的体外溶解度和溶出度;采用差热分析法鉴别氟苯尼考在载体中的存在状态。结果表明,与氟苯尼考本身相比,固体分散体中氟苯尼考溶解度和溶出度明显增大,氟苯尼考固体分散体能显著提高氟苯尼考的水溶性。     

以涂敷硝酸银的碱性氧化铝为分散剂的基质固相分散法测定大蒜中二甲戊灵残留

建立了以涂敷AgNO3的碱性氧化铝为分散剂的基质固相分散(MSPD)法提取、气相色谱/电子捕获检测器检测的大蒜中痕量二甲戊灵的分析方法。通过研究洗脱剂的极性和用量、固相分散剂的含水量和AgNO3涂敷量对回收率及净化效果的影响,优化了MSPD条件。对建立的分析方法进行了评价,结果表明:MSPD提取液的基质效应可以忽略;在0.01、0.10、1.00 mg/kg 3种添加水平下,方法的回收率为84% ~93%,相对标准偏差为2.7% ~6.2%,方法的检出限(S/N=3)和定量限(S/N=10)分别为2.0和6.7 μg/kg。     

Laboratory Evaluation of Flight Capacities of Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) Using a Flight Mill Device

Dispersion expands the distribution of invasive species and as such, it is a key factor of the colonization process. Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) is an invasive species of mosquito and a vector of various viruses. It was detected in the northeast of France in 2014. The population of this species can expand its distribution by several kilometers per year. However, though flight capacities play an active part in the dispersion of Ae. japonicus, they remain unknown for this species. In this study, we investigated the flight capacities of Ae. japonicus in a laboratory setting using the flight mill technique. We evaluated the influence of age on flight. We recorded videos of individual flights with a camera mounted on Raspberry Pi. We extracted data on distance, duration, and speed of flight using the Toxtrac and Boris software. Our analysis showed a median flight distance of 438 m with a maximum of 11,466 m. Strong flyers, which represented 10% of the females tested, flew more than 6,115 m during 4 h and 28 min at a speed of 1.7 km per h. As suspected, Ae. japonicus is a stronger flyer than the other invasive species Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae). To our knowledge, this is the first flight mill study conducted on Ae. japonicus and therefore the first evaluation of its flight capacity. In the future, the flight propensity of Ae. japonicus determined in this study can be included as a parameter to model the colonization process of this invasive vector species.     

杉木人工林水汽扩散规律的研究

应用乱流扩散法研究了杉木人工林水汽扩散传输规律．结果表明：水汽交换量的年变化呈双峰型,峰期在5月和7月;日变化特点是,向上方扩散以日出后至午后13时逐渐增加,13时后逐渐减弱,向下方扩散日变化正好与向上方扩散日变化情形相反;其空间变化情况是,林冠上（距地面18．5m）以下空间,随高度降低,其交换量迅速减少,林冠上表面及其以上空间水汽交换量较大;水流交换后水汽量亏盈情况是,冠层空间亏损量最大,其次是近地表空间,再次是冠上空间,而冠下空间是盈余大于亏损．     

用电导频散法研究Cl-、SO42-和H2PO4-阴离子与土壤的相互作用

本文介绍了采用电导频散装置测量分别含有10^-4mol/LHCl、5×10^-5mol/L H₂SO₄和10^-4mol/L H₃PO₄的黄棕壤、棕壤、黑土和砖红壤悬液(20-30g/kg)的电导频散曲线,频散曲线上均呈现频率范围相当宽的坪区,频散曲线的特性分析结果表明,黄棕壤和棕壤在3种酸溶液中的始散频率(0.6-1kHz)低于黑土悬液(16-28kHz),而砖红壤的始散频率最高(25-47kHz;Cl^-、SO₄^2-和H₂PO₄^-离子与4种土壤的相对亲合力(REC_1.5/REC_tp-1)顺序为Cl^- < SO₄^2- < H₂PO₄^-,在不同土壤之间的顺序则随酸溶液而异.     

Comparison of three models describing bromide transport affected by different soil structure types

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil structure on bromide (Br) transport through three soils with granular, prismatic, and single-grain structures. The breakthrough curve (BTC) of the single-grain structure was sigmoidal, symmetrical and similar to a piston flow, showing the dominance of mass flow. In contrast, the BTCs of the granular and prismatic structures were initially steep, becoming more gradual at high pore volumes (PVs). The stable structure and preferential pathways caused the early breakthrough of Br in the leachate of these columns. The convection–dispersion equation (CDE), mobile–immobile water (MIM), and dual-permeability (DP) models were fitted to observed data using the program HYDRUS-1D. The equilibrium transport model (CDE) was not as successful as non-equilibrium (MIM and DP) models in describing the Br transport in prismatic and granular soil columns, although it was able to describe the Br transport in single-grain column well. Overall, the results demonstrated the importance of soil structure in pollutant transport through soils.     

长江上游流域生长季气象干旱分异特征

为揭示长江上游流域气象干旱发生与演变规律,基于气象站1961—2019年逐月气象数据,运用旋转正交分解(REOF)、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)及游程理论等方法研究了其生长季气象干旱变化特征。结果表明:长江上游可分为8个气象干旱亚区,其中Ⅴ区呈干旱趋势,Ⅰ区、Ⅲ区及Ⅶ区表现为变湿态势,其他各区表现为干湿交替态势; 干旱周期以年际为主,Ⅰ和Ⅲ区表现出较为明显的年代际周期特征,趋势贡献较高的为Ⅴ区及Ⅷ区,其余各区趋势的贡献均小于年代际贡献; Ⅱ区干旱时间最长,达到1.57月,Ⅶ区最小为1.41月,仅有Ⅶ区干旱时间呈显著下降趋势,各区干旱强度比较接近,差异不大,且未来变化趋势不明显,Ⅶ区干旱面积为各区最大,达到30.36%,Ⅵ区干旱面积最小为19.18%,整体而言,干旱发生最为集中的为Ⅶ区,其AD达到0.091,最为分散的是Ⅱ区,其AD达到0.194。综上,长江上游流域各分区生长季气象干旱特征各有不同,西北部地区干旱较东南部地区严重。     

我国生猪不同饲养方式生产成本变动分析

利用统计指数因素分析模型,对2000和2003年我国生猪饲养业不同饲养方式的生产成本进行了实证分析。结果表明,分散饲养50 kg生猪,2003年的生产成本较2000年增加了6.83%,折算金额为19.15元,主要是由于直接物质费用上升了7.69%和人工费用增加了5.09%,分别使生产成本增加了16.58元和3.08元;规模饲养50 kg生猪,其2003年的生产成本较2000年增加了8.74%,折算金额为23.79元,主要是由于直接物质费用上升了11.19%和人工费用降低了6.85%,分别使得生产成本增加了26.94元和降低了1.63元。直接物质费用和人工费用的增加主要是由于各项物资的价格及劳动日工价上涨所致。最后提出了鼓励发展中等规模的生猪饲养模式;大力发展饲料工业,加大工业反哺饲养业的力度;提高劳动效率,以减少劳动力成本;加强疫病防疫,降低疫病防疫项目费用等四项措施与建议。