早熟禾锈病的研究

人工接种实验结果证明，哈尔滨市早熟禾锈病是由冠锈菌引起的，其转主寄主为：小叶鼠李、金刚鼠李和东北鼠李。该病菌主要以冬孢子越冬，也有少量夏孢子可以越冬。用夏孢子人工接种潜育期为９￣１４ｄ，用锈孢子人工接种在２０℃时潜育期为８￣１２ｄ。早熟禾锈病的发病高峰期一般在８月上旬￣９月上旬，病情的轻重与降雨量关系较大。防治试验结果表明：用火烧去草坪上的干枯叶能推迟和降低发病率１０％；定期合理修剪草坪，茬高８ｃ     

大袋蛾杆状病毒病的流行及其应用试验

本试验用大袋蛾杆状病毒病制剂单独或与苏云金杆菌制剂混用,防治大袋蛾幼虫,兼治刺蛾幼虫。其效果相当于化学杀虫剂,有应用前途。     

Predicting the spread of postharvest disease in stored fruit,with application to apples

Postharvest diseases can cause considerable damage to harvested fruit in controlled atmosphere storage. Since there is a large cost associated with opening the storage rooms, regular assessment of damage levels is not feasible, and many experts agree on the need for a reliable predictive model. Presented here is a simulation model that predicts the overall incidence of disease in a bin of stored fruit as a function of initial infection levels and the fruit's susceptibility to fungal attack. Uninfected fruit tissue, infected fruit tissue, and fungal growth are modelled by a system of three ordinary differential equations. Simulations of the growth and spread of the pathogen in storage were conducted, with disease incidence measured monthly. The model provides insight into the dynamics of postharvest fungal disease, and forms the basis of a predictive model that could be used by packinghouses to determine how long a given crop of fruit can be stored before the infection risk rises above a predetermined tolerable level.     

生防细菌防治土传病害的研究进展

介绍了土传病害危害程度及生防细菌的种类、作用机制、防治土传病害的研究概况,提出了目前利用生防细菌防治土传病害存在的问题及应用前景。     

颗粒剂农药防治辣椒疫病的研究

选择了５种杀菌剂，将其制成具有缓释性能的颗粒剂，施在辣椒根茎基部防治辣椒疫病。室内接种试验，有４种颗粒剂施药７ｄ后防效１００％，２１ｄ后防效９５％以上。田间试验防效平均在８４％以上，连续３年田间应用，防效为８０％左右。     

鸡马立克氏病双价疫苗的研究 Ⅰ.马立克氏病SB-1病毒株在鸡胚皮肤细胞中的培养试验

以简便技术制备鸡胚皮肤(CES)细胞,进而进行了鸡马立克氏病(MD)SB-1株病毒适应于CES细胞和致CES细胞病变效应(CPE)的研究.试验表明,在形成CPE的细胞中可检出核内包涵体,MD的SB-1株病毒的CES细胞毒的蚀斑形成单位(pfu)为105.7201-7.2122/m L.本研究为以后用CES细胞增殖SB-1株病毒以代替鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)制造疫苗提供了依据.     

Streptococcus Suis: Past and Present

Staats, J.J., Feder, I., Okwumabua, O. and Chengappa, M.M., 1997. Streptococcus suis: past and present. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (6), 381-407Steptococcus suis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic coccus that has been implicated as the cause of a wide range of clinical disease syndromes in swine and other domestic animals. In swine, the disease has spread worldwide but is more prevalent in countries with intensive swine management practices. The disease syndromes caused by S. suis in swine include arthritis, meningitis, pneumonia, septicaemia, endocarditis, polyserositis, abortions and abscesses. S. suis has also been implicated in disease in humans, especially among abattoir workers and swine and pork handlers. In humans, S. suis type 2 can cause meningitis, which may result in permanent hearing loss, septicaemia, endocarditis and death. The pathogenic mechanism of S. suis is not well defined. Several virulence factors have been identified, but their roles in pathogenesis and disease have not been well elucidated. Much work is in progress on characterization of virulence factors and mechanisms, with emphasis on the control of the disease. Because of the non-availability of suitable immunoprophylaxis, control of S. suis infection has depended mainly on the use of antimicrobials.     

仔猪日常饲养管理与健康管护

通过仔猪的生理特点就哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪饲养管理与健康管护方面谈谈具体做法,还针对仔猪急病防治和饲养人员管理做了简单的介绍。     

鸡新城疫CS2实验疫苗的生产及鉴定

应用ＳＰＦ鸡胚生产出３批ＣＳ２实验疫苗，疫苗的病毒价≥１０８．５ＥＬＤ５０／ｍｌ。对２月龄小鸡的最低免疫量（ＭＩＤ）为３～３０ＥＬＤ５０。据此，作者们建议对此种小鸡的实用免疫剂量为１０５ＥＬＤ５０。对这３批疫苗的实验结果显示：１０倍的剂量（即１０６ＥＬＤ５０）对鸡不引起任何不正常现象。免疫持续期达１２个月以上。在２～８℃和－１５℃中分别保存９和２４个月效力不变。     

An immunologist's perspective on nutrition,immunity, and infectious diseases: Introduction and overview

The immune system is a multifaceted arrangement of membranes (skin, epithelial, and mucus), cells, and molecules whose function is to eradicate invading pathogens or cancer cells from a host. Working together, the various components of the immune system perform a balancing act of being lethal enough to kill pathogens or cancer cells yet specific so as not to cause extensive damage to “self” tissues of the host. A functional immune system is a requirement of a healthy life in modern animal production. Yet infectious diseases still represent a serious drain on the economics (reduced production, cost of therapeutics, and vaccines) and welfare of animal agriculture. The interaction involving nutrition and immunity and how the host deals with infectious agents is a strategic determinant in animal health. Almost all nutrients in the diet play a fundamental role in sustaining an optimal immune response, such that deficient and excessive intakes can have negative consequences on immune status and susceptibility to a variety of pathogens. Dietary components can regulate physiological functions of the body; interacting with the immune response is one of the most important functions of nutrients. The pertinent question to be asked and answered in the current era of poultry production is whether the level of nutrients that maximizes production in commercial diets is sufficient to maintain competence of immune status and disease resistance. This question, and how to answer it, is the basis of this overview. Clearly, a better understanding of the interactions between the immune signaling pathways and productivity signaling could provide the basis for the formulation of diets that optimize disease resistance. By understanding the mechanisms of nutritional effects on the immune system, we can study the specific interactions that occur between diet and infections. This mechanism-based framework allows for experiments to be interpreted based on immune function during an infection. Thus, these experiments would provide a “real world” assessment of nutritional modulation of immune protection separating immune changes that have little impact on resistance from those that are truly important. Therefore, a coordinated account of the temporal changes in metabolism and associated gene expression and production of downstream immune molecules during an immune response and how nutrition changes these responses should be the focus of future studies. These studies could be answered using new “-eomics” technologies to describe both the local immune environments and the host-pathogen interface.