木质材料缺陷无损检测主要研究进展

从基于成像技术、信号传播速度变化、人工模拟缺陷和信号处理的木质材料缺陷无损检测以及木质材料缺陷对其力学性能的影响5个方面论述了木质材料缺陷无损检测的研究进展, 简要分析了目前研究中存在的主要问题及其发展趋势。     

壶瓶枣自然损伤的高光谱成像检测

采用高光谱成像技术(450~1 000 nm)对壶瓶枣的5种自然损伤(缩果病、裂纹、虫害、黑斑病、鸟啄伤)进行识别研究。利用高光谱成像系统采集了5种自然损伤及完好枣一共663个壶瓶枣样本的高光谱图像,并提取相应的感兴趣区域(ROI),得到了样本的光谱数据。应用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、连续投影算法(SPA)从全波段中分别提取了9条、10条特征波长,利用Kennard-Stone算法将各类样本按照3∶1的比例随机分成训练集(500个)和测试集(163个),并对其建立最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)判别模型,结果表明使用SPA-LS-SVM建立的壶瓶枣自然损伤模型的整体判别正确识别率为93.2%。运用主成分分析(PCA)对由SPA提取出的10条特征波长(535、595、657、672、685、749、826、898、964、999 nm)所对应的单波段图像进行数据压缩,分别采用Sobel算子、区域生长算法Regiongrow并结合主成分图像识别出163个壶瓶枣样本的边缘与自然损伤特征区域,得出平均正确识别率达到90.8%。研究结果表明:采用高光谱成像技术可以对壶瓶枣的自然损伤进行光谱判别和图像识别。     

Management of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) in dogs with diamond burr debridement and placement of a bandage contact lens

Objective To describe the outcome of canine spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) treated with diamond burr debridement (DBD) and bandage contact lens placement (BCL). Animal studied Forty eyes of 36 dogs presenting to a single private practice. Procedures A retrospective review of medical records was performed. Cases were eligible for inclusion if they were newly diagnosed with SCCED by a veterinary ophthalmologist and treated with DBD/BCL. All patients received a complete ocular examination followed by DBD using a battery‐powered, handheld motorized burr (Algerbrush^®, Alger Equipment Company, Lago Vista, TX, USA). A BCL was placed post‐debridement in all patients. Data were analyzed for sex, age, breed, duration of clinical signs prior to DBD; number of debridements required before healing was achieved; contact lens retention, complications attributed to DBD, and additional surgical interventions were required to achieve healing. Results The median time to first recheck examination was 7 days (IQR 7–9 days) with 28/40 (70%) of cases healed at this examination. The mean time to second recheck examination was 15.5 ± 5.5 days with 37/40 (92.5%) healed by this examination. The median time to final recheck examination was 19 days (IQR 18–35.5 days) with a range of 18–52 days. All cases resolved by the third and final recheck examination. A second DBD/BCL was performed in 5/40 (12.5%) of cases. The BCL retention rate was 95% over all examination time points. No case required a keratectomy or other surgical intervention to achieve healing. The only complication observed was one case of suspected bacterial keratitis post‐DBD/BCL. Conclusions Results suggest that DBD/BCL is safe and effective for treatment of canine SCCED.     

基于数字图像的木材缺陷识别研究进展

数字图像处理技术是在木材缺陷识别中应用最广泛的技术之一,具有准确、快速、无损和成本低等优点。本文阐述基于数字图像的木材缺陷识别技术的研究现状,分析图像预处理、分割、特征提取及融合、图像识别分类过程涉及的算法,并对每种方法的特点以及局限性进行总结,对未来研究的发展趋势进行展望。数字图像处理技术进一步走向自动化和智能化,还需要更深入的研究。     

齿轮热处理缺陷分析

对林业机械中广泛应用的硬齿面齿轮在服役条件下出现断裂，过量磨损，变形等主要缺陷进行了较系统的分析，提出了改善齿轮必备机械性能的方法，在实际生产中具有一定的参考价值。     

《明诗话》及其价值与缺陷

《明诗话》传本罕见，甚为宝贵。辑本采辑诗家130余条。所录诗作有的是苏之琨在游历探访中随手采集而得的，为诗人遗落乡间郊野之作，所以苏氏有拾遗补缺之功。苏氏录诗崇尚高格，钟爱淡雅，倡导“性情”，重视“意似”，对“雅”、“郑”诗风演变也有自己的见解。但《明诗话》也有明显缺陷，诗歌理论探究不深，所录诗歌涉及面比较窄，还有徇私之嫌。     

Transvenous coil embolization of patent ductus arteriosus in small (≤3.0 kg) dogs

Background: Surgical and interventional therapy for occlusion of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in small dogs is challenging. Interventional closure of a PDA is rarely described in small dogs. Hypothesis: Transvenous single‐coil occlusion of a PDA in small (≤3.0 kg) dogs is possible and safe. Animals: Twenty‐one client‐owned dogs with a left‐to‐right shunting PDA. Methods: Prospective clinical study. Inclusion criteria were a left‐to‐right shunting PDA and a body weight ≤3.0 kg. Dogs with additional congenital cardiac diseases were excluded. Without arterial access, a single detachable coil was implanted by a transvenous approach with a 4 Fr catheter. Results: Twenty‐one dogs were the study population with Chihuahua and Yorkshire Terrier being the commonest breeds (n = 6 and n = 5, respectively). There were 14 female and 7 male dogs. The age range was 1.9–83.5 months (median, 7.7 months), and the body weight was 1.0–2.9 kg (1.87 ± 0.45). By angiography, the minimal ductal diameter measured 1.2–2.4 mm (median, 1.8 mm) and the PDA ampulla diameter was 2.4–5.9 mm (median, 4.6 mm). Coil implantation was successful in all dogs. After detachment of the coil from the delivery cable, repositioning of the pulmonary loop of the coil became necessary in 1 dog. The prevalence of immediate closure was 76%. The prevalence of cumulative closure was 90%. Conclusion: For an experienced cardiologist, transvenous occlusion of a PDA in small dogs is possible with a 4 Fr catheter and a commercial single detachable coil. Arterial access is not essential. The procedure is safe and successful in experienced hands.     

人民公社阶段的农地产权制度变迁及其绩效

研究人民公社阶段的农地产权制度变迁与绩效,是为了分析人民公社制度得以长期维持的原因,以期为新时期农村经济体制改革提供启示与借鉴。文章在相关文献资料的基础上,采用实证描述与规范研究分析方法,探讨人民公社阶段的农地产权制度的演进、特征、变迁的原因、内在缺陷以及制度绩效,研究表明,人民公社阶段农地产权严重残缺、缺少激励机制、组织管理费用高昂,这种制度安排实际上一开始就处于非均衡状态,依靠国家主流的意识形态和超经济强制来维持,致使人民公社阶段农地产权制度效率低下。改革开放后,中国社会政治和意识形态方面的约束放松,获取存在于人民公社制度之外的巨大外部利润,推动了农地产权制度创新。     

Hypoxic conditions induce centrum defects in red sea bream Pagrus major (Temminck and Schlegel)

A previous study elucidated that an extreme hypoxia during somitogenesis induced the most frequent skeletal malformation centrum defects in red sea bream (RSB), Pagrus major. In this study, details of the hypoxic conditions to induce them in RSB, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and exposure time to hypoxia, were investigated. Fertilized eggs were exposed to seawater of six DO concentrations (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of saturation) for seven different periods (5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min) during somitogenesis. Somitic disturbances in newly hatched larvae were induced by exposure to 0% and 10% DO concentration for 10 and 120 min and longer respectively. Rearing eggs exposed to hypoxic condition of 10% DO for 240 min for 40 days post‐hatch showed that the location and the frequency of somitic disturbances in larvae and centrum defects in juveniles were significantly correlated (P<0.01). Dissolved oxygen concentration of the interstitial water in the egg high density layer formed at the water surface in a stationary state abruptly decreased to 3.7% within 7 min. Centrum defect induction by exposure of eggs to extreme low DO concentrations for a short period, which is the probable situation in the practical juvenile production, suggests that careful maintenance of DO concentration is important in the incubating water of fertilized eggs during egg sorting and transportation, where eggs are made into a pile and undergo hypoxia, for the prevention of centrum defects.     

Oxygen deficiency during somitogenesis causes centrum defects in red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck et Schlegel)

Vertebral deformities in red sea bream, Pagrus major, remain serious obstacles to the improvement of seedling quality for its aquaculture. However, the causalities of the deformities remain unclear and prevention methods have not yet been established. In this paper, oxygen deficiency during somitogenesis was demonstrated to cause centrum defects (formerly called fused vertebrae in many cases), which are the major vertebral deformity in cultured red sea bream. An induction experiment of centrum defects was conducted by placing fertilized red sea bream eggs under low dissolved oxygen conditions (10.3–16.6%). The low oxygen treatment was carried out for five different developmental stages of embryo: two‐cell stage to blastula stage; gastrula stage; three to 10 somites stage; 11–17 somites stage and 18–24 somites stage. Oxygen deficiency during somitogenesis induced a high incidence of centrum defects. In contrast, it hardly induced centrum defects during the other stages. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the rearing water should be carefully regulated for fertilized eggs, especially during somitogenesis to reduce the incidence of vertebral deformities in the red sea bream.