制动器耗散功率原理在ABS标定匹配中的应用

为解决ABS逻辑门限值方法匹配成本高、周期长的问题,将制动器耗散功率原理应用于匹配中.结合逻辑门限值与制动器耗散功率的各自优点,将制动器耗散功率原理能自适应识别各种路面状况的特点应用于匹配中;根据制动器耗散功率极大值对应的滑移率略小于临界滑移率且相差不大的原理,采用制动器耗散功率极大值对应的滑移率代替峰值附着系数对应的滑移率对ABS进行控制;滑移率与制动器耗散功率曲线获得较为简单,因此可以大大提高匹配效率.经过实车匹配验证,本方法提高了匹配效率和控制质量,节约了匹配成本.     

防抱死制动系统滑模变结构控制研究

针对滑模变结构控制方法能较好地解决汽车防抱死制动系统的非线性问题,以及其固有的抖动会影响控制效果的问题,本文采用一种基于指数趋近律的滑模控制方法,设计了两轮车辆的防抱死制动系统滑模控制器,并在Matlab/S imu link里进行了仿真。仿真结果表明了该控制策略可以有效地抑制传统滑模控制系统的抖动现象,达到更好的控制效果。     

柴油机高压共轨系统喷油量和喷油规律测量方法概述

对目前几种常用的测量柴油机高压共轨系统喷油量和喷油规律的方法、原理和装置进行了介绍与分析。     

农机监理执法困境及应对措施

农机监理执法是确保农机安全生产的必要手段,但在实际执法过程中常常会遇到一些困境,如责、权不一,农民法制观念淡薄等,所以需要强化农机监理执法人员素质,提高执法水平,加大宣传力度,提高农民的法律意识和法制观念。     

农机安全监管探索

新形势下加强农机安全生产工作,各级党委、政府、农机部门应从落实“三个代表”重要思想和讲政治、保稳定、促发展出发,增强责任感和紧迫感,把党中央和国务院关于加强安全生产方针政策落到实处,以强化安全责任、安全教育、专项整治、依法制机为重点,提高认识,转变管理方式,完善自身建设,健全安全监理网络,扎实有效地加强农机安全生产工作,推动农机化向前发展。     

运用注意规律提升教学效果

有意注意和无意注意对人完成工作、学习任务有不同的作用,而学生注意品质的好坏将直接影响学习效果。教师只有了解学生的注意特点,遵循注意规律,精心设计教学形式,加强对学生的目的性教育,激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性,培养学生坚强的意志力和良好的注意品质,进而全面提升教学效果。     

Postharvest quality response of strawberries with aloe vera coating during refrigerated storage

Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) were coated either with chitosan (1, 1.5, and 2% solution, w/v) or aloe vera (AV) gel and the coatings were air dried. Coated strawberries were put in a polypropylene box and stored in refrigerator (6 ± 1°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. The success of coating in retaining the postharvest quality of the strawberries was evaluated by determining respiration rate, firmness, weight loss, external colour change, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, microbial decay and sensory quality. The incidence of microbial rot started on day-6 in uncoated and 1% chitosan coated strawberries. Strawberries coated with 1.5 and 2% chitosan were affected by microbial decay on day-9 of storage. On the other hand, rot incidence was initiated in AV gel coated strawberries on day-15 of storage. Aloe vera gel or chitosan coating reduced respiration rate, weight loss, and microbial decay and preserved firmness, ascorbic acid content, and other quality parameters, thus delaying ripening and the progress of fruit decay due to senescence or microbial attack. Furthermore, AV gel delayed the changes in external colour and retained all other postharvest quality of strawberries compared to chitosan coated or uncoated ones throughout the storage.     

甘肃省河西走廊沙棘枝枯病发生初报

为明确甘肃省河西走廊沙棘枝枯病的发生与为害情况,采用定点、定期观察和大面积调查相结合的方法,对河西地区沙棘上发生的枝枯病进行系统调查与分析。结果表明,该病主要为害枝干,严重时造成枝干枯死或树体死亡。经调查,气候条件是引起该病害发生流行的主要诱因,其次是树势衰弱。通常春季气温回升早、降雨早,发病早而且严重,降雨越多,发病越严重;一般沙棘枝枯病发病适温为25℃左右,温度低于20℃和高于30℃都不利于病害的发生。新老沙棘混栽林、管理粗放、结果量大,发病严重。另外,沙棘枝枯病发生严重会造成树皮伤口多而深,为沙棘干缩病菌的侵入提供了有利途径,因此,一般沙棘枝枯病发生严重的树林干缩病发生相对也比较严重。经调查研究分析,初步确定沙棘枝枯病是沙棘树上新发生的一种枝枯病,病害的发生总体呈逐年加重的趋势。     

Rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence: seed source and spatial pattern

A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease.     

基于自适应趋近律的采摘机器人关节滑模控制研究

利用离散趋近律设计的滑模控制可有效抑制滑模控制中的抖动现象,但其抑制抖动的效果与离散趋近律的设计参数及系统的采样时间有着密切的关系。为此,在分析指数趋近律抖动的基础上,提出了一种自适应滑模控制器,Mat LAB能够进一步的提高基于趋近律的滑模控制器的抖动抑制能力。为了验证本文所提出方法的有效性,在Mat LAB中实现了该算法,并利用其来控制采摘机器人关节的伺服电机。仿真结果表明:本文所提的算法具有较好的位置跟踪能力,进一步地抑制了指数趋近律滑模控制中存在的抖动现象,提高了系统的性能。