轻便型高地隙喷杆喷雾机大豆田间施药试验

针对大豆作物生长中后期施药难、施药效果差的问题,设计了一种轮距1600～1750mm可调、地隙800mm、轴距2000mm、喷幅8000mm、具有风幕辅助喷雾系统的轻便型高地隙喷杆喷雾机,并进行了田间施药试验。试验结果表明：在作业速度4km/h时,通过提高喷雾压力可使大豆冠层叶片正面的雾滴覆盖率在上层提高19.0个百分点,中层提高17.0个百分点,下层增加不到5个百分点;叶片背面的雾滴覆盖率在上层提高5.5个百分点,中层提高2.3个百分点,下层增加不足1.0个百分点。通过更换喷嘴而提高雾滴的喷施量可以使大豆冠层叶片正面的雾滴覆盖率在上层提高210个百分点、中层提高26.0个百分点,下层提高10.0个百分点;叶片背面的雾滴覆盖率在上层提高5.0个百分点,中层提高1.0个百分点,下层无显著影响。当风幕出口风速为11.5m/s时,风幕系统能够使大豆冠层中部叶片正面雾滴覆盖率提高26.8个百分点,下部提高22.0个百分点,对大豆冠层上部叶片背面雾滴覆盖率提高23.1个百分点,中部提高18.1个百分点,下部提高8.4个百分点;风幕式施药技术能够有效提高雾滴在大豆冠层中的穿透性和分布均匀性,增加雾滴在植株各冠层叶片背面的附着率,但雾滴的地面流失率相对不使用风幕有所增加。     

Effect of Experimental Hypothyroidism on Glomerular Filtration Rate and Plasma Creatinine Concentration in Dogs

Background: Hypothyroidism affects renal function in a manner opposite the effects of hyperthyroidism.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and basal plasma creatinine concentration in dogs.
Animals: Sixteen anestrous, female dogs.
Methods: Hypothyroidism was induced by administration of ¹³¹I in 8 dogs, and 8 healthy euthyroid dogs acted as controls. Exogenous plasma creatinine clearance (an estimate of GFR) was measured in all dogs before (control period) and 43–50 weeks after induction of hypothyroidism (posttreatment period). Other pharmacokinetic parameters of creatinine were also determined.
Results: No significant difference was observed for basal plasma creatinine concentration and creatinine clearance between control and hypothyroid dogs in the control period. In the posttreatment period, mean ± SD creatinine clearance in the hypothyroid group (2.13 ± 0.48 mL/min/kg) was lower ( P < .001) than that of the control group (3.20 ± 0.42 mL/kg/min). Nevertheless, basal plasma creatinine concentrations were not significantly different between the hypothyroid and control groups (0.74 ± 0.18 versus 0.70 ± 0.08 mg/dL, respectively) because endogenous production of creatinine was decreased in hypothyroid dogs (22 ± 3 versus 32 ± 5 mg/kg/d, P =.001).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Hypothyroidism causes a substantial decrease in GFR without altering plasma creatinine concentrations, indicating that GFR evaluation is needed to identify renal dysfunction in such patients.     

小茴香对小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]研究小茴香对环磷酰胺模型小鼠免疫功能的影响。[方法]以环磷酰胺制备小鼠免疫低下模型并结合体外药理试验,测定灌胃给药后小鼠体内巨噬细胞吞噬率、血清溶血素抗体水平,并观察植物血凝素诱导T淋巴细胞的增殖反应。采用含药血清体外培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,MTT法考察巨噬细胞的活性,并观察体外培养的巨噬细胞吞噬红细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数。[结果]小茴香提高免疫抑制小鼠碳粒廓清率,促进血清溶血素形成以及促进T淋巴细胞增殖。[结论]小茴香有提高小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

红车轴草总黄酮对小鼠免疫功能的影响

［目的］研究红车轴草总黄酮对小鼠免疫功能的影响。［方法］设计迟发变态反应试验、炭粒廓清试验、脏器指数试验,每个试验均用40只小鼠,随机分成4组,设对照组与高、中、低剂量3个试验组。3个试验组分别给予85 mg/（kg·d）（高剂量组）,53 mg/（kg·d）（中剂量组）,22 mg/（kg·d）（低剂量组）红车轴草总黄酮灌胃,对照组以吐温-盐水液灌胃。［结果］3个试验组48 h足跖增厚与对照组均有增加,以中剂量试验组增加显著（P〈0.05）;中剂量组与低剂量组的吞噬指数较对照组有显著增高（P〈0.05）;脏器指数试验结果表明,试验组与对照组均有增加,但没有显著的统计学意义。［结论］试验全面评价了红车轴草总黄酮的各种生理药理功能及其对免疫功能的影响,为其开发应用提供了可靠的参考资料。     

大葱对亚硝酸盐的清除效果研究

研究了大葱提取液对亚硝酸盐的清除率以及大葱提取液用量、水浴温度、反应pH值对清除效果的影响.结果表明,当大葱提取液用量为2 mL、水浴温度为100℃、反应pH值为13时,大葱对亚硝酸盐的清除率最高达99.63%.     

轮缘间隙对轴流泵内部非定常流场的影响

为研究轴流泵轮缘间隙泄漏流的非定常特征及其对泵外特性的影响,采用基于S-A模型的DES方法和滑移网格技术,对轴流泵在设计流量下的内部湍流进行了数值计算,重点分析了4组轮缘间隙下泵内非定常流场特性及压力脉动特性.在设计轮缘间隙下,计算所得泵扬程和效率与试验数据吻合良好,最大相对误差分别为2.0%和3.0%.计算结果表明:随轮缘间隙增大,水泵扬程和效率均呈下降趋势;轮缘泄漏涡强度和影响范围随轮缘间隙增大而增大,当轮缘间隙为3.3‰D₂时,轮缘泄漏涡扩散至相邻叶片出口边;不同轮缘间隙下,叶轮区压力脉动频率均以叶频为主;靠近叶片进口的叶轮室内壁压力脉动幅值随轮缘间隙的增大呈减小趋势,叶轮室中部压力脉动随轮缘间隙增大而增大;叶轮出口断面的压力脉动频域特性在不同轮缘间隙下均以1倍叶频为主,脉动幅值随轮缘间隙增大而减小.     

多级离心泵平衡装置间隙流动的数值计算

轴向力平衡好坏直接影响着多级离心泵的安全可靠运行。基于Fluent商用软件,采用标准k-ε湍流模型、SIMPLE算法对节段式多级离心泵的平衡装置间隙流场进行数值计算,研究平衡装置的平衡机理和间隙流场的压力分布,分析不同径向、轴向间隙下平衡装置的平衡性能,通过静压积分求得平衡装置的总平衡力。结果表明,间隙内部压力沿着液体流动方向呈线性下降趋势,进出口处均有明显压头损失。径向间隙变化对装置灵敏度和泄漏量产生较大影响,剩余平衡力随着轴向间隙的增大呈非线性变化。与压力分布试验推导结果对比分析,平衡装置平衡力计算结果误差为5.1%,差值在允许误差范围之内,说明数值计算结果是可信的,平衡装置设计合理。     

Immunomodulatory effect of recombinant RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase protein of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus in giant freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii

The present study evaluated the role of recombinant RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) in modulating the immune response and in reducing MrNV load in infected prawn. In the first experiment, prawns (25–30 g) were injected with recombinant RdRp protein (RP) at a concentration of 0, 1.0 and 10 μg, and immune parameters and expression of some immune‐related genes were measured up to 14 days post injection (p.i.). In the second experiment, early juveniles were injected with a similar dose of RdRp and animals were challenged by immersion with MrNV. The infection status was detected in muscles by nested RT‐PCR up to 21 days post challenge. Prawn injected with higher concentration of RP showed significantly higher total haemocyte count at different period post injection. Significant up‐regulation of immune‐related genes was observed within 24 h in prawn treated with lower dose of RP and after 7 days p.i. at higher level of RP injection compared with adult control. Most of the tested samples (63%) were found to be RT‐PCR positive for MrNV at 48 h of post‐immersion challenge. After 14 days, MrNV was detected only in control prawn, while both RP‐injected groups were MrNV negative. This study elucidated the potential viral load reduction role played by RdRP in MrNV‐infected prawn.     

叶顶间隙大小对螺旋离心泵内部压力脉动的影响

叶顶间隙大小是影响半开式螺旋离心泵内外特性的重要因素之一,为充分探究叶顶间隙大小对其内外特性的影响程度及作用机理,该文以一台比转速237的单叶片螺旋离心泵为研究对象,通过设计叶顶间隙专用调节机构,分别调整叶顶间隙大小至0.3、0.5和0.8 mm,与叶轮外径的比值分别为0.13%、0.22%和0.35%。针对3种叶顶间隙大小情况,同时进行外特性试验和压力脉动试验研究。压力脉动的监测点包括叶轮进口边、叶轮中部、蜗壳第三断面和蜗壳隔舌附近。结果表明叶顶间隙大小与叶轮平均直径的比值应介于0.13%~0.22%之间。同时,结合压力脉动试验获得的实测压力波形图、压力系数波形图及频域图,分析了单叶片螺旋离心泵内部压力脉动的规律,为半开式螺旋离心泵的减振降噪提供参考和借鉴。     

大豆联合收获机对称可调式凹板筛设计与试验

针对传统大豆联合收获机脱粒间隙调整方法单一、田间作业时工作参数与作物适应性差,导致大豆破碎率、未脱净率和夹带损失率较高的问题,该研究设计了一种对称可调式凹板筛,实现双侧脱粒间隙可调,并对其间隙调整量进行了确定.以大豆联合收获机的前进速度、滚筒转速、脱粒段脱粒间隙、分离段脱粒间隙为影响因素,以大豆破碎率、未脱净率和夹带损...