考虑轴向间隙影响的挖泥泵轴向力数值分析

转子所受的轴向力是关系到离心泵运行稳定性的重要问题,轴向力的大小和方向与离心泵的水力设计、结构设计中的许多参数都有相关性,其中叶轮盖板与蜗壳泵盖之间的轴向间隙是关键影响因素之一。为了量化地探究不同流量下轴向力特性与轴向间隙尺寸之间的关系,该文基于雷诺时均方程(Reynaolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations,RANS),采用剪切应力传输(Shear Stress Transport)模型,即SST k-ω湍流模型,对一个前盖板含有后弯式副叶片的离心式挖泥泵进行了全流道数值模拟。考虑侧腔流域的多相位定常流动数值模拟得到了与试验测量结果非常吻合的外特性计算结果,各性能参数的计算误差均在5%以内。对该泵在3种轴向间隙下的外特性及轴向力变化规律进行了计算分析,结果表明:随前间隙的增大,泵的效率明显下降,扬程有不同程度的降低,轴功率变化不大;前、后盖板外表面所受轴向力随轴向间隙和流量的改变均有不同程度的变化,而叶轮内流道所受轴向力则基本不变,可视为定值;后盖板所受轴向力的绝对值最大,对总轴向力的方向及变化规律起着决定性作用,叶轮内流道所受轴向力的绝对值最小。随着前间隙的增大,前后盖板上的压力分布越来越均匀,而前后盖板上的速度沿径向均匀分布,基本不受轴向间隙变化影响。因此,在离心泵的水力设计中应综合考虑外特性、轴向力及加工成本,尽量减小前轴向间隙尺寸。本研究可为离心泵的优化设计提供参考。     

乘用车乘员腿部进出空间优化设计

根据美国汽车工程学会(SAE)对腿部进出空间的定义,结合主观评价方法,提出了一种优化设计方法,可有效控制乘员上下车方便性。     

Low Concentration of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Mares with Delayed Uterine Clearance

Luteal dysfunction has been observed in mares with defective uterine clearance. Association of low ovarian reserve with luteal dysfunction and abnormal endometrial thickness has been reported in bovine. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been indicated as a marker for ovarian reserve in bovine and originates primarily from the ovary in equine. The present study evaluated serum AMH concentration in mares with delayed uterine clearance versus that in mares without delayed uterine clearance. Of 49 mares assigned to the study, 12 and 37 mares were diagnosed with and without delayed uterine clearance, respectively. Delayed uterine clearance was determined based on history and the observation of intrauterine fluid in ultrasonographic examination 24 hours after natural breeding. Serum AMH concentration was measured during estrus. Concentration of AMH was lower in mares with delayed uterine clearance (0.4 ± 0.1 ng/mL) than in those without delayed uterine clearance (1.1 ± 0.1 ng/mL). In conclusion, the present study indicated possible associations between ovary-lined mechanisms and uterine clearance failure in mares.     

Effects of norepinephrine and a combined norepinephrine and dobutamine infusion on systemic hemodynamics and indices of renal function in normotensive neonatal thoroughbred foals

BACKGROUND: Norepinephrine is a potent vasopressor that increases arterial blood pressure but may have adverse effects on renal blood flow. The combination of norepinephrine and dobutamine may lead to improved renal perfusion compared to an infusion of norepinephrine alone. The effects of these drugs in the normotensive neonatal foal have not been reported. HYPOTHESIS: Norepinephrine increases arterial blood pressure. Adding dobutamine to a norepinephrine infusion will change the renal profile during the infusions without changing the arterial blood pressure. ANIMALS: Eight conscious Thoroughbred foals were used in this study. METHODS: Each foal received norepinephrine (0.1 microg/kg/min), combined norepinephrine (0.1 microg/kg/min) and dobutamine (5 microg/kg/min), and a control dose of saline in a masked, placebo-controlled study. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure (direct), and cardiac output (lithium dilution) were measured, and systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, cardiac index, and stroke volume index were calculated. Urine output, creatinine clearance, and fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, and chloride were measured. RESULTS: Norepinephrine and a combined norepinephrine and dobutamine infusion increased arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance and decreased heart rate and cardiac index as compared to saline. The combination resulted in higher arterial pressure than norepinephrine alone. There was no significant difference in urine output, creatinine clearance, or fractional excretion of electrolytes with either infusion as compared to saline. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These data suggest that norepinephrine and a combined norepinephrine and dobutamine infusion cause unique hemodynamic effects without affecting indices of renal function, and this effect warrants further investigation.     

菌酶联合反应制备兔血抗氧化低聚肽

以兔血为原料,依次采用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵和碱性蛋白酶水解制备兔血抗氧化低聚肽,选取ABTS⁺·清除率和多肽含量作为评价指标,通过响应面试验优化发酵工艺和酶解工艺,确定最优发酵工艺参数和最优酶解工艺参数。结果表明,最优发酵工艺参数为:接菌量5.5 CFU/mL,底物浓度10 g/mL,发酵温度35℃,发酵时间3.5 d,此条件下,兔血低聚肽ABTS⁺·清除率为84.42%,多肽含量为2.84 mg/mL;最优酶解工艺参数为:酶底比200 U/g,酶解时间2.5 h,pH 10.4,酶解温度60℃,此条件下制备得到的兔血低聚肽的ABTS⁺·清除率为87.22%,与单一发酵工艺比较,差异不显著,而多肽含量为3.81 mg/mL,较单一发酵提高了1.34倍。综上,菌酶联合反应制备兔血抗氧化低聚肽法优于传统单一发酵法。     

Design of Cross Section Curves of Counter-intermeshing Twin-screw Kneader and Milling Cutters Blade Profiles

Basing on the theory of engagement, a design has been done for a new type of counter-intermeshing twin-screw kneader. Profile of the screw includes arcs and its envelope lines, and the profile is smooth and continuous without cuspidal points. Milling cutter blade profiles also have been calculated and corrected for manufacturing the helical parts designed and getting the clearance acquired. There may be interference between the cutter and the workpiece, so interference check must be done to insure the milling cutter and screw will not be interfered.     

山东195系列单缸柴油机排气道"排机油"问题的探讨

针对山东195系列单缸柴油机排气道“排机油”的故障问题,给出了判定方法、故障分析及通过合理控制气门导管和排气门装配的解决方法等。     

Effect of yellow clay on respiration and phytoplankton uptake of bivalves

ABSTRACT:   Yellow clay dispersion has been applied to mitigate red tides in Korea since 1995. The present study documents the effect on physiology of two marine bivalves by examinations of clay uptake, respiration, and clearance rate ( CR ) of animals after the treatment of yellow clay. The amount of clay in gills and inside cavities of shellfish was increased with time, and the inside of the shellfish filled with clay in 2 h. The ejection of the accumulated clay was evident from as early as 30 min after removal from clay pools. Animals removed from the clay pool discharged all observable clay by 6 h. Within 30 min, CR decreased quickly and returned to the level of the untreated control groups within 2 h.     

Pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate in horses

This study aimed to investigate both the pharmacokinetic behavior and tolerance of methotrexate (MTX) in horses to design a specific dosing regimen as a new immunomodulatory drug for long-term treatment. To determine the primary plasma pharmacokinetic variables after single intravenous, subcutaneous or oral administration, six horses were administered 0.3 mg/kg MTX in a crossover design study. After a 10-week washout, MTX was administered subcutaneously to three of the six previously treated horses at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg once per week for 3 months. In both studies, MTX and metabolite concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS. The absolute bioavailability of MTX was 73% following subcutaneous administration but less than 1% following oral administration. The plasma clearance was 1.54 ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹ (extraction ratio = 2%). After 24 hr, plasma concentrations were below the LOQ. No adverse effects were noted except for a moderate reversible elevation in liver enzymes (GLDH). With regards to the main metabolites of MTX, very low concentrations of 7-hydroxy-MTX were found, whereas polyglutamated forms (mainly short chains) were found in red blood cells. A subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg kg⁻¹ week⁻¹ may be safe and relevant in horses, although this has yet to be clinically confirmed.