油菜收获机割台螺旋输送器间隙自适应调节机构研究

针对油菜联合收获过程中由于喂入量波动导致割台螺旋输送器堵塞的问题,设计了一种割台螺旋输送器间隙自适应调节机构,实现喂入量变化时实时改变滑块位移以自动调节输送器与底板之间的间隙。输送器动力学与运动学分析确定了调节机构预紧弹簧最大预紧力和调节位移分别为366 N和50 mm。运用扭矩传感器和高速摄像技术分别开展输送器扭矩和调节位移的性能试验,当弹簧预紧力和刚度分别为293 N和12.65 N/mm时,输送器扭矩为8.267 N·m,减少了40.7%,调节位移为10.2 mm,调节机构性能较优。调节机构对输送器性能影响试验结果表明:增设间隙自适应调节机构可明显降低扭矩并增加最大喂入量,螺旋输送器转速为150 r/min时扭矩减小了23%;转速为200 r/min时,最大喂入量增加至3.5 kg/s,提高了16.7%。喂入量在不大于3.0 kg/s范围内波动时,试验组最大扭矩小于对照组,说明调节机构可较好适应喂入量的波动。田间试验表明间隙自适应调节机构可提高输送器对喂入量的适应性,避免割台堵塞,后续的脱粒装置、清选装置等工作部件未发生堵塞,油菜联合收获机可正常工作。     

耕播机三点悬挂连接机构有效间距确定方法

以分置式一机三用型耕播机为研究对象,设计三点悬挂连接机构.从分置式耕播机连接机构的设计原则出发,分析了单机连接机构的有效间距.从机组纵向稳定性储备利用系数和爬坡稳定性系数分析了耕整联合作业机组的抗倾翻能力,确定连接机构有效尺寸的最大值为41 cm;通过分析旋耕刀的运动状态、土块的被抛位置和初速度,并对其进行计算和试验,确定连接机构有效尺寸的最小值为19 cm.     

含间隙超精密压力机柔性多连杆机构动力学建模与仿真

建立柔性多连杆机构动力学模型对分析超精密压力机下死点动态精度具有极其重要的作用。传统的超精密压力机多连杆机构动力学模型一直忽略旋转副和球面副间隙以及曲轴和连杆柔性的影响,从而导致分析精度较低。为更准确地分析其动态响应特性,建立了一种考虑旋转副和球面副间隙及曲轴和连杆柔性影响的改进柔性多连杆机构的动力学模型。仿真结果表明,旋转副和球面副间隙的存在对机构的动态响应特性有很大影响;曲轴中心和球铰球心的运动特征主要表现为2个阶段:自由运动和冲击运动。此外,研究了间隙和曲轴输入转速对多连杆机构动态响应特性的影响,得出了随着间隙尺寸的增加,滑块下死点位置上移,滑块的速度和加速度峰值先减小后增加;随着曲轴转速的增加,滑块下死点位置和最大偏差值也逐渐增大,滑块的速度和加速度显著增加。     

转轮下环间隙对混流式水轮机内部流动特性的影响

水轮机转轮间隙内的泄漏涡、泄漏流等复杂的湍流易影响水轮机的性能与稳定性。为了分析下环间隙对混流式水轮机能量特性和内部流态的影响,该文基于N-S方程和SST湍流模型,考虑了0.6 Qd(Qd为设计流量工况)、0.8 Qd、Qd、1.2 Qd共4种流量工况,对5种下环间隙下的混流式水轮机模型机进行三维全流道数值计算。通过对比不同下环间隙方案对混流式水轮机效率与容积损失的影响,结合不同水轮机内部流场特征,分析下环间隙与水轮机性能的关系。计算结果表明:下环间隙由0.4 mm增大到1.3 mm,机组泄漏量增大,水轮机效率整体呈下降趋势。其中,当机组在小流量0.6 Qd工况运行时,间隙对水轮机能量特性影响最为明显,效率下降了4.1个百分点。当机组在小流量0.6 Qd与0.8 Qd工况运行时,下环间隙增大,间隙内部流场与尾水管内部流场呈现小幅度恶化;当机组在大流量1.2 Qd工况运行时,下环间隙增大,转轮叶片吸力面压力分布以及尾水管内部流场均得到改善。该研究可为混流式水轮机结构设计提供有效参考。     

石油库带掩体油罐防护安全距离的确定

油库安全距离有两个不同的概念，一个是防火安全距离；另一个是防护安全距离。针对如何科学地确定油库防护安全距离这一问题，对炸弹的破坏因素和建筑物的破坏等级进行了分析与划分，从而根据建筑物的重要性和抗冲击波破坏能力，确定其允许破坏的等级，再由投弹的装药量计算出冲击波的设计安全距离。对于带有掩体的油罐，其防护安全距离的确定应根据允许破坏等级、爆炸位置以及有掩体的两油罐间防护安全距离的计算来确定。     

Evaluation of cystatin C as an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate in dogs

Cystatin C is a cysteine protease inhibitor produced by all nucleated cells. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus and is unaffected by nonrenal factors such as inflammation and gender. Because of greater sensitivity and specificity, cystatin C has been proposed to replace creatinine as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans. The aims of this study were to validate an automated assay in canine plasma and to evaluate the usefulness of cystatin C as a marker of GFR in dogs. Western blotting was used to demonstrate cross-reactivity of an anti-human cystatin C antibody. An immunoturbidimetric assay was used to detect cystatin C in 25 clinically healthy dogs and 25 dogs with renal failure. Mean cystatin C concentration in the healthy dogs and the dogs with renal failure was 1.08 +/- 0.16 mg/L and 4.37 +/- 1.79 mg/L respectively. Intra- and interassay variability was <5%. The assay was linear (r = .974) between 0.14 and 7.53 mg/L. Both cystatin C and creatinine concentrations were measured in banked, frozen serum from 20 remnant kidney model dogs and 10 volume-depleted dogs for which GFR measurements by exogenous creatinine clearance had been determined previously. In the remnant kidney model, cystatin C was better correlated with GFR than creatinine (r = .79 versus .54) but was less well correlated with GFR in volume-depleted dogs (r = .54 versus .95). GFR measurements were repeated in the remnant kidney model dogs 60 days after initial GFR measurements. At this time, cystatin C and creatinine concentrations correlated equally well with GFR (r = .891 versus .894, respectively). Cystatin C concentration is a reasonable alternative to creatinine for screening dogs with decreased GFR due to chronic renal failure.     

锯链张力和松弛的分析

静止状态下锯链不垂离导板的临界张力与导板轮廓线圆半径和锯链质量线密度成正比．无缓冲器导板的锯链安装张力应比有缓冲器导板的大．锯链和链轮的制造误差可能引起锯链附加张力或松弛下垂．锯链的松弛程度可用趾部间隙来衡量．锯链与导板的热胀冷缩不同步可能引起热张力或热松弛．文章给出了各种张力和趾部间隙的计算公式．     

Preliminary Investigation of the Area Under the l‐Lactate Concentration–Time Curve (LACAREA) in Critically Ill Equine Neonates

Background

A variety of measures of l‐lactate concentration ([LAC]) in the blood of critically ill neonatal foals have shown utility as prognostic indicators. These measures, evaluating either the severity of hyperlactatemia or the duration of exposure to hyperlactatemia, perform fairly well and have correctly classified 75–80% of foals examined in several studies. The area under the l‐lactate concentration versus time curve (LAC _Area) encompasses both severity and duration of hyperlactatemia and should improve correct classification of patient survival.

Hypothesis/Objectives

LAC _Area is larger in nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals.

Animals

Forty‐nine foals admitted for critical illness to 1 of 4 referral hospitals.

Methods

Whole blood was obtained at admission and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after admission for measurement of l‐lactate using a handheld lactate meter. LAC _Area was calculated for: admission–6, 6–12, 12–18, 18–24 hours, and admission–24 hours using the trapezoidal method and summing the 6‐hours interval areas to determine total 24 hours area. Differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were determined using robust regression and Kruskal–Wallis testing, P < .05.

Results

LAC _Area was significantly larger in nonsurviving foals (n = 9) than in surviving foals (n = 40) at all time periods examined.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Differences in LAC _Area between surviving and nonsurviving critically ill neonatal foals are large and support further investigation of this method as an improved biomarker for survival in critically ill neonatal foals is indicated.     

新疆野苹果小吉丁虫防治试验

采用林间试验,在苹果小吉丁虫幼虫期对受害野苹果树进行不同施药方式和施药浓度的组合处理,探究16%虫线清乳油对野苹果小吉丁虫化学防治效果。试验结果表明,采用打孔注药和输液法施药方式在30 d后校正防效均达到90%以上;采用输液法及施药浓度为1倍稀释时,在整个防治期内校正防效均高于其它处理。对返青率进行比较分析时发现,对于野苹果树生长,最适合的施药浓度为2倍稀释。因此,在虫害防治前期采用1倍稀释浓度、防治后期采用2倍稀释浓度进行施药防治的效果较好。     

融合路面特征的大型喷雾机多工况悬架控制与试验

大型高地隙喷雾机的作业工况复杂,不同路况对悬架的性能要求不尽相同,传统悬架系统已无法满足喷雾机多工况作业的不同减振需求。为有效提高大型喷雾机各工况下的减振性能并有效降低能耗,提出了一种基于路况识别的多工况主动悬架控制系统。首先,分析喷雾机典型作业工况,建立路面特征与悬架模型的映射关系;然后,搭建喷雾机油气悬架的上下层控制系统,采用变步长萤火虫算法优化控制系统中各工况下的阻尼系数;最终将搭载该控制算法的喷雾机进行田间动态性能试验。试验结果表明,相比传统悬架,主动悬架在水泥及田间路面的行驶平顺性分别提升11.0%和22.8%,操控稳定性分别提升24.5%和3.4%。本研究所提出的控制系统可以有效解决不同工况下驾驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的矛盾关系,满足喷雾机各工况的特定减振需求。