Corn Genotypic Variation Effects on Seedling Emergence and Leaf Appearance for Short-Season Areas

Identifying corn ( Zea mays L.) genotypes with faster rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance is important in developing a corn crop with earlier canopy closure and better seasonal light interception. A greenhouse experiment was conducted twice to investigate whether corn genotypes known to vary in canopy architecture and yield potential differed in rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design utilizing seven genotypes: five of the newly developed Leafy reduced-stature (LRS) types (LRS1, LRS2, LRS3, LRS4 and LRS5), one conventional type [Pioneer 3979 (P3979)], and one late-maturing big-leaf (LMBL) type. Five seeds were planted in each pot and seedling emergence was recorded every day until all seeds emerged. Leaf appearance was recorded from seedling emergence until the plants reached anthesis. There was variability among the genotypes for both seedling emergence and leaf appearance rate. Mean seedling emergence values of greater than 90 % were achieved by four of the five LRS genotypes, and the LRS types generally emerged more rapidly than the others. Leaf appearance rate showed linear increases over time; however, LRS genotypes (in particular LRS3, LRS4 and LRS5) had more rapid leaf appearance rates than the others. The LMBL hybrid ranked last for both seedling emergence (<80 %) and leaf appearance rate. Rapid seedling emergence and leaf appearance by early-maturing genotypes (LRS and P3979, especially LRS) may help these types of genotypes achieve earlier canopy closure and better use of the light available during the growing season, which is critical in a short growing season environment.     

钵育大苗对水稻生育性状及产量的影响

为探讨水稻钵盘育苗不同秧龄秧苗对低温和盐碱的抵抗能力。采用田间调查和室内考种方法对不同播期的秧苗进行了全生育期的比较研究。结果表明；钵育大苗秧苗综合素质好，插秧后抗低温，抗盐碱能力强，比钵育中苗提早成熟3d，而且可提高产量10.7%。     

Varietal Differences in Development of Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings on Compacted Soils

Differences among open-pollinated tropical maize ( Zea mays L.) varieties in seedling development and establishment on compacted soils were studied. Soil dry density was used as an index of compaction. Three soil compaction levels and 12 traits associated with development and establishment of maize seedlings were investigated. A control (without compaction) was also included. Varietal differences were observed for most traits measured. Genetic differences for seedling development on compacted soil were detected. Varietal differences contributed about three times the contribution of compaction to total variability in the traits. Better seedling development and performance were obtained in moderately compacted soil than in the control. Shoot length, shoot dry weight and per cent dry matter in roots were good indicators of the tolerance of maize seedlings to compaction. A physiological strategy for maize seedling establishment on compacted soil was proposed. The implications of the results for seed testing were also highlighted. It was concluded that consideration should be given to the genotype of maize destined for use in ecologies prone to high soil densities. All varieties of maize grown in an agroecological zone could be screened to identify genotypes tolerant of higher soil densities. The seeds could then be multiplied and distributed to farmers.     

大葱生产用种量试验研究

经过2000～2001年两年试验,育苗面积66.7m2,每定植667m2大葱生产田,用种100g育出的葱苗数量少,满足不了定植需求;用种150～250g育出的葱苗质量高,数量充足,生产出的鲜葱质量和产量较高,是适宜用种量范围;用种300～450g育出的葱苗质量不高,达到壮苗标准的葱苗较少,种子浪费较多,生产出的鲜葱质量和产量较低,不宜提倡.     

马尾松苗切根技术研究

通过马尾松苗切根试验，明显提高了苗木质量，切根的最佳时间为８月分，深度８ｃｍ左右，切根苗宜在砂质土壤上进行条播为好。     

我国无核柑桔类型选育研究进展——文献综述

综述了国内无核柑桔类型选育研究进展。通过芽变、实生选种及诱变育种等手段，我国已先后获得了１１９个无核或少类类型的柑桔品种（品系），涉及柑桔属的主要栽培种类和金柑属、黄皮属。芽变选种和实生选种为获得无核或少核类型的有效途径。大多数无核变异与花粉育性下降有关，胚囊败育、倍性变异及自交不亲和也是造成无核的原因。细胞工程技术为培育无核柑桔类型开展了一条新途径。     

"武运粳7号"芽苗(乳苗)抛播稻群体质量特点与产量的研究

以“武运粳7号”为材料,通过不同稻作方式生产力比较试验,阐明了芽苗(乳苗)抛播稻茎蘖动态、干物质积累与分配、源库关系及产量形成特点,并提出了芽苗(乳苗)培育等关键栽培技术。     

北美白云杉引种育苗试验初报

本文对引进的10个种源北美白云杉、3个种源的内陆红皮云杉3个年龄段苗木生长状况进行了分析，结果表明：各种源的苗木高生长差异显著，自云杉种源间、红皮云杉种源间及各种源之间3a生苗木地径生长差异达极显著水平；白云杉3a生苗高和地径生长表现最佳的种源是3^#、9^#和7^#，红皮云杉种源为CK2的地径及苗高生长量最大，其次是CK3和CK1，而且白云杉3^#种源苗高生长略超过红皮云杉CK3。     

美国黑核桃实生苗、嫁接苗培育技术

美国黑核桃繁育与推广,关键在于优质苗木的培育。研究掌握黑核桃实生苗和嫁接苗的培育技术,能极大地提高苗木质量和生产效率,降低生产成本。实生苗培育方法和方块芽接技术的研究与具体应用,为黑核桃优质苗木的生产及黑核桃在甘肃省的普遍推广创出了一条行之有效的途径。     

黄瓜DNA的提取研究

报道提取黄瓜DNA的新方法以满足制备黄瓜DNA传感器之需要．提取黄瓜DNA的最优条件：细胞提取液为4．0mL，饱和KCl溶液为1．0mL，0．6倍样液体积的酚／氯仿／异戊醇溶液，0．6倍体积的氯仿／异戊醇溶液，0．55倍体积的异丙醇，黄瓜DNA的得率为0．36mg／g．