基于高分三号卫星数据与Η/Α/α-分解特征参数的农作物分类研究

利用高分三号(GF-3)卫星的全极化C波段多极化合成孔径雷达数据,基于Η/Α/ \stackrel{-}{\alpha }极化分解提取香农熵(SE)及其强度分量(SE_I)和极化分量(SE_P)、单次反射特征值相对差异度(SERD)、二次反射特征值相对差异度(DERD)、极化比(PF)、基准高度(PH)、极化不对称性(PA)和雷达植被指数(RVI)共9个特征参数,将其应用于农作物分类研究中,以支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(RF)算法为例,初步探索了基于Η/Α/ \stackrel{-}{\alpha }分解提取的这9个特征参数在GF-3数据支持下的农作物分类潜力。结果显示:单独将SERD、PH、PF、RVI和SE_P参数用于2种分类方法时,分类精度较高,在82%~92%;但单独运用PA、DERD、SE和SE_I的分类精度均低于80%。将分类精度较低的4个参数组合后,分类精度明显提高,在SVM和RF下的总体分类精度分别达到93.02%和92.05%,Kappa系数均大于0.8。结果表明,基于全极化GF-3数据和Η/Α/ \stackrel{-}{\alpha }极化分解方法提取的9个特征参数,能很好地表征农作物的散射特征,可用于农作物分类研究。     

农桐间作复合生态系统研究进展

该文对７０年代以来国内外涉及农桐间作复合生态系统的研究报告总结如下：①泡桐是强阳性树种．由于具有根系分布深、树冠稀疏等特性,较适宜与农作物复合经营;②间作后由于系统具有减低风速和最高温的作用,因此有助于提高系统抵御灾害天气的能力,但对光的截留对提高系统内作物的产量有副效应;③间作前６ａ和６ａ后,适宜的间作密度分别为５ｍ×２０ｍ和小于５ｍ×３０ｍ,但该结论仍有争议,尚待进一步研究验证;④幼龄间作林营养补给的效果仍存在争议,但接干修枝的研究成果已被生产单位普遍接受;⑤在提高研究手段,完善研究方法的前提下,不同桐种叶面积指数变化规律、树冠对光的截留、光质、光量的时空变化规律、系统内农作物光能结合及系统效应评价方法等领域将是今后农桐复合经营系统研究的重点．     

地理信息系统在土地多宜性评价中的应用

土地多宜性评价为土地利用规划和决策提供多种可能利用方式的信息,它是对每一种不同的利用方式,就选择一套相应的评价指标,它选择的评价对象多,评价的结果准确度高。本文在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）的帮助下,建立了土地空间位置图件数据库,土地属性数据库、作物生长要求生理生态知识库和评价指标模型库,对徐水县６种作物进行了多宜性评价的探索。结果显示：在计算机和ＧＩＳ的帮助下,土地评价的工作效率和定量化水平的显著提高     

豆类作物美洲斑潜蝇的化学防治的探讨

试验表明,用２４．５％ 的爱福丁和４８％ 的乐斯本防治豆科作物上的斑潜蝇,具有较好的速效性和持效性,防治上可积极推广应用,特别是２４．５％ 爱福丁是生物农药,当首选应用。对秋梅豆上美洲斑潜蝇的防治至少应喷３ 次。施药间隔期可掌握在１０ｄ 左右（８～９ 月份）。     

根构型分析在豆科作物磷效率研究中的应用

本文对根构型的概念、根构型的研究方法及豆科作物根构型与磷效率的关系进行了论述.初步研究表明,豆科作物根构型的一些指标(根重、根长、根吸收面积等)与磷效率具有较好的相关性.建议拟合具有普遍意义的根构型综合指标,指导豆科作物磷效率遗传性状改良.     

RAPD Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Yunjie(Eruca sativa Mill.) in China

Genetic diversity of Yunjie (Eruca sativa Mill. ) in China was assessed by analyses of RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers. Twenty native cultivars representing Yunjie-growing ecotypes in China were selected as material in this study. Twelve out of the 64 tested random decamer primers were able to identify 131 stable RAPD bands from these Yunjie cultivars. Of them 105 bands, or 80.15% of the total, were polymorphic. Most Yunjie cultivars from the same ecotype had their characteristic DNA bands.Cluster analysis by unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) suggested that the 20 Yunjie genotypes could be divided into four groups. The genetic distances among the 20 cultivars varied from 0. 117 8between Shuozhou and Shenchi to 0. 499 4 between Hetian and Xiliang. Hetian alone could be a new type of Yunjie identified in China because it had the greatest genetic distance from all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that Chinese Yunjie have abundant genetic diversity. Classification of Chinese Yunjie based on the RAPD information was in good agreement with the relationships between these Yunjie cultivars in their geographic origins and their plant morphology.     

甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢子培养研究进展

近年来,单倍体育种逐步得到发展,游离小孢子培养是产生单倍体的较好途径,本文综述广为种植的甘蓝类蔬菜游离小孢培养概况。材料的选取,小孢子的分离、培养以及提高产胚率等培养技术,并结合实际工作,分析了甘蓝类蔬菜小孢子培养的优势、潜力和当前存在的问题。     

大棚番茄接种粳稻高产高效栽培技术

尚庄镇从 90年代起 ,通过多年的试验、示范 ,初步形成了大棚番茄接种粳稻栽培模式。采用大棚三膜覆盖栽培番茄 ,实现单产 75～ 90 t·hm- 2 ,且提早上市 30～ 35d,提高了番茄的商品率和产值。番茄收获后及时接种粳稻 ,改进粳稻栽培技术 ,使粳稻单产达 9.75t·hm- 2以上。实现纯收益 8.2 5× 1 0 4元· hm- 2。     

Transpiration efficiency of Amaranth (Amaranthus sp.) in response to drought stress

Drought is a major abiotic stress responsible for severe crop losses worldwide. Development of new crop varieties with increased drought tolerance is one way to increase crop productivity. The aim of this study was to characterise the diversity of nine accessions belonging to Amaranthus tricolor and A. cruentus, in response to drought stress using a dry-down protocol to characterise the transpiration efficiency (TE). Plants were subjected to either a gradual dry down or well-watered conditions. Results showed that TE was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in water-deficient (WD) plants compared to water-sufficient (WS) plants, 2.40 g kg^?1–7.13 g kg^?1 and 2.19 g kg^?1–4.84 g kg^?1, respectively. There was no significant difference in the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) threshold decline between the amaranth genotypes. TE was highly correlated with yield under both WS (r = 0.89, P < 0.001) and WD conditions (r = 0.662, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with root-to-shoot ratio under both WS (r = ?0.488, P < 0.05) and WD conditions (r = ?0.460, P < 0.05). Significant genotypic differences were seen for growth rate and stress susceptibility index (SSI). The result obtained in this investigation underline the need to identify genotypic variation in water use efficiency in amaranth.

Abbreviations: FTSW: Fraction of transpirable soil water; NTR: normalised transpiration rate; SSI: Stress susceptibility index; TE: transpiration efficiency; WHC: water holding capacity; WD: water-deficient; WS: water-sufficient.     

作物对水分胁迫的响应及水分利用效率的研究进展

作物对水分胁迫的响应及水分利用效率的研究是节水农业的重要方面,为此,对水分胁迫下作物形态、生理生化响应,作物水分利用效率的内涵、测定计算方法及提高作物水分利用效率途径等国内外的相关研究进行了回顾,并在此基础上,提出了我国目前在该领域研究和应用中存在的问题.