寒地水稻生态平衡施肥决策支持系统的设计

阐述了生态平衡施肥的概念、原理和原则，按照生态平衡施肥原理建立寒地水稻生态平衡施肥决策支持系统，同时介绍了系统设计、系统功能以及系统运行环境，能根据测定土壤养分状况给出不同土壤以及生态因子的生态平衡施肥方案，为推广生态平衡施肥生产和供应高效专用肥料提供保障。     

The potential of integrated marketing in increasing adoption of land rehabilitation practices in northwest New South Wales,Australia

Land degradation is a major threat to the productivity of agricultural land in Australia, and on the soils used for growing wheat (Triticum aestivum) soil erosion and fertility decline are serious problems. A study financed jointly by NSW Agriculture, Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) and agribusiness looked at the effectiveness of using integrated marketing to increase adoption of dryland lucerne (Medicago sativa) in rotations in northwestern NSW as a means to rehabilitate degraded wheat soils. At the time of the study, average wheat and protein yields were declining. Integrated marketing, with heavy reliance on television advertising, was run during Summer 1992 and Autumn 1993. Approximately 750 wheat growers, located around Moree in NSW comprised the target group. A similar number of comparable farmers from around Dalby in southern Queensland, who were not exposed to the promotional campaign, formed the control group. Farmers were surveyed by mail just before and 18 months after the campaign. While the results were compounded by severe drought during the study time, as well as by other constraints, the data suggest none the less the value of this approach in getting farmers to change their practices. One in six wheat growers in the target area were aware of the free information kit available via the advertised 1800 number or freepost mail coupon; one in twelve obtained the kit. Television was the most influential media in eliciting a response, followed by the Australian Grain Magazine. The results suggested that the campaign did in fact engender the desired change. The study highlights the possible role integrated marketing may play in rural Australia, whether the subject dealt with is agricultural, environmental or other, not because of any novelty value, but because of the technique itself. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同作物秸秆还土对玉米及土壤肥力的影响

为了研究不同作物秸秆培肥地力的作用,进而提高旱地地力水平,对不同作物秸秆还土对玉米及土壤肥力的影响进行了试验.结果表明,不同作物秸秆还土后具有一定的增产作用,其中,玉米秸秆和烤烟秸秆还土的增产效果最显著,比CK增产24.82%～25.69%,其次是油菜秸秆和马铃薯秸秆的还土处理,比CK增产18.40%～19.44%,小麦秸秆比CK增产8.33%.不同秸秆还土能不同程度增加土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮,保持速效磷、速效钾的平衡,其中,烤烟秸秆增加速效钾量能力强;玉米秸秆对提高土壤有机质、增加氮素作用较强;油菜秸秆由于腐熟快,增加氮素能力最强;马铃薯秸秆和小麦秸秆相对其他秸秆培肥地力能力稍差.秸秆还土可以改善玉米的生育性状,从而促进玉米增产.     

基于多源信息融合的中文农作物病虫害命名实体识别

随着农作物病虫害研究文献的快速增长,对农作物病虫害领域文献进行文本挖掘变得越来越重要.开发有效、准确的农作物病虫害命名实体识别系统有助于在农作物病虫害相关研究报告中提取研究成果,为农作物病虫害的治理提供有效建议.本文针对中文农作物病虫害数据集缺失问题,提出了基于半远程监督的停等算法,利用该算法构建中文农作物病虫害领域语...     

Optimisation of fertiliser rates in crop production against energy use indicators

Optimising mineral nitrogen (N) use in crop production is inevitable target as mineral fertilisers reflect one of the highest inputs both in terms of economy and energy. The aim of the study was to compare the relationship between the rate of N fertiliser application and different measures of energy parameters exemplary data for spring-wheat in boreal climate condition in Estonia in 2006–2010. The effect of mineral N with rates 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha⁻¹ was studied on the background of composted cow manure and without organic fertilisers. Univalent parameters, energy gain (EG) (energy output − energy input) and energy ratio (ER) (energy output/energy input) were calculated. To aggregate parameters with different units (ER and EG) we proposed two standardisation approaches for combined indices. ER maximisation gave both organic fertilisation background optimum N norms significantly lower than EG (p < 0.05) optimisation. Both the new combined indices gave optimum N norms in between the rate of ER an EG. Composted cow manure background did not affect mineral N optimisation significantly. We suggest optimisation of mineral N according to bi-dimensional parameters as they capture important features of production efficiency and are more objective using as advisory tool for sustainable production systems.     

浅谈黑龙江省农作物抗旱节水措施

针对黑龙江省干旱或半干旱地区的实际情况,提出农作物抗旱节水四大措施,以提高黑龙江省粮食单产和总产。     

农业科技期刊使用作物名称通俗化和规范化探讨

部分农业科技文章作者和部分科技期刊编辑对作物名称的通俗性理解不够全面,片面追求使用作物名称通俗化,导致科技期刊使用作物名称的混乱现象。针对这一思想认识,分析了片面追求使用作物名称通俗化的弊端,阐述了使用作物名称通俗化与规范化的关系,强调了统一使用作物规范名称的重要性。     

毛乌素沙地中几种植物水分特性的研究

用ＬＩ－１６００稳态气孔计研究了我国干旱半干旱地区毛乌素沙地恢复重建生态系统中几种主要植物的蒸腾作用及产量比较。结果表明：羊柴平荐处理后,生长旺盛,蒸腾速率加快,提高;日本大粒莉麦可利用较深层地下水分,维持旺盛的生长活动,