Comanagement for aquaculture: Suggestions from a comparative study between two major production areas of milkfish in the Philippines

ABSTRACT

This study examined if, and how, comanagement is effective in controlling aquaculture industry in the municipalities of Anda and Bolinao in the province of Pangasinan, in the Philippines, the locations of two major production areas of milkfish (Chanos chanos) in the country. Institutional and community analyses conducted in these study sites revealed a unique hierarchy of resource users, as well as unique social and economic problems in aquaculture, distinct from those of capture fishery. It was also indicated that comanagement is seen as a solution for essential practices to be enforced practically and sustainably for the management of this industry. To improve aquaculture governance, it is desired that the comanagement scheme shall include not only the governments and fishers but also business operators who often have large capital and a high degree of power.     

德国林业管理体制和成效借鉴

德国是林业发达国家,完善的林业管理体制是德国增加森林资源、鼓励林业可持续发展和环境保护的重要基础。文中介绍德国森林资源概况、联邦和州层面的森林管理体制以及森林法律法规,分析其对德国林业管理的影响,并提出对我国林业管理的启示。     

政府规制理论在我国近海渔业管理中应用的探讨

自由准入状态导致了渔业资源产权的不确定性, 过度投资和过度利用使得渔业资源过度消耗。要实现渔业资源的可持续发展就必须对渔业进行适当的规制。政府规制是指政府直接干预微观经济主体活动的一种行为方式, 可分为经济性规制和社会性规制。渔业规制关注的不仅仅是管理的合法性问题, 更多的是管理的最佳性问题, 即用最佳管理方式实现渔业的可持续性发展。随着现代社会政府与公民的二元对立观念不断减弱, 管理者与被管理者由对立转向合作, 传统的以(捕捞)许可为中心的渔业管理方式已经不适应现代渔业管理的发展, 有必要引进政府规制理论提升和改造命令控制式的渔业规制方式。本研究基于政府规制理论提出了“合作性治理”模式, 改变了“政府—渔民”两方博弈为多主体共同管理, 通过创设合理的产权制度、有效的激励性规制和成本效益分析方法建立起合作、共享机制以实现渔业管理的目的。     

国有森工企业文化建设问题探讨

企业文化的概念由组织文化演化而来, 其成为一种较为成熟的理论是美国在20世纪80年代初期通过研究和比较日本与美国企业管理的差异之后。自20世纪80年代引入企业文化理论以来, 我国开展了广泛的企业文化理论研究与实践。目前对企业文化的内涵有广义和狭义2种理解。文中简要回顾企业文化理论的兴起与发展并介绍我国企业文化及国有森工企业文化研究的现状, 在分析国有森工企业特点及面临的企业目标和社会经济环境的基础上提出国有森工企业文化应具备的要素, 以及森工企业文化建设的路径。     

乌干达林业发展概况与林业管理体系

位于非洲东部的乌干达是初级林产品生产国, 原木是其主要林产品。文中通过查阅相关文献资料, 对乌干达的林业管理体系进行了梳理和分析, 概述了乌干达森林资源和林产品贸易状况, 重点介绍了乌干达林业管理机构与林业相关政策法规; 在此基础上, 对我国林业企业参与乌干达森林资源合作开发与利用提出建议。     

The policy analysis of governing illegal logging: A game theory approach

Illegal logging has attracted worldwide attention, and some measures, such as timber procurement policies and timber regulations, have been taken. However, there are no studies that examine the governance of illegal logging using game theory. This paper applies game theory to analyze the subsidy policy for governing illegal logging as well as the effects of the subsidy on the benefits of suppliers and operators of forest products. The results show that controlling illegal logging has an impact on exporting enterprises, and the effects produced by subsidies and non-subsidies are different for enterprise. Enterprises that receive subsidies will occupy foreign markets and gain additional profits, while enterprises that are not subsidized will exit foreign markets. The amount of subsidies is related to enterprise’s governance cost. The benefit for operators and suppliers depend on the combination of supervision level and forest products’ legality. The critical point of regulation of operators is related to regulatory costs, the additional benefits of weak supervision of suppliers, and penalties for regulatory failure. The critical point for suppliers to select legal raw materials is related to suppliers’ operating costs, gray income, and the degree of punishment.     

Academic and private practice partnerships in veterinary radiology residency training

As veterinary radiologists devote greater time to telemedicine consultation, residency training must evolve to reflect the skills of these services. The contribution of private practice/consultant radiologists to residency training has traditionally been minimal but academic and private practice partnerships in education and research can provide the framework for a well‐rounded residency. These partnerships can also lessen the impact of workforce shortages in academia and provide financial compensation to academicians through external consultation. The purpose of this commentary is to review existing collaborative interactions between academic and private practice veterinary radiologists; with a focus on ways to sustain, improve, and cautiously increase the number of veterinary radiology training programs.     

农村新型土地利用关系重构与乡村治理——以张家港市永联村为例

江苏省苏州市张家港市南丰镇永联村为解决乡村发展过程中的土地利用问题,进行了一系列的探索和实践,通过土地利用关系的重构,实现了乡村发展的转型,并从农村经济、社会服务均等化、村庄治理等各个方面对村庄进行了革新.针对农村新型土地利用关系的重构进行了分析与探索,并总结了“村企合一”型村庄发展模式存在的问题,对促进乡村治理问题提出了对策与建议.     

参与式治理视角下江西省农村污水治理模式探讨

中国大部分农村地区的水源受到污染,村民饮水安全得不到保障,农村污水治理迫在眉睫。以江西省为例,在分析农村污水现状、特点及危害的基础上,从参与式治理的角度出发,探讨了江西省农村污水治理的成效,以期为其他地区农村污水治理提供参考。