Systems approach to the sustainable management of urban public parks

Public green spaces are becoming crucial components of any sustainable community because of their multiple ecological, economic and sociocultural benefits. More efforts are being directed towards creating livelier spaces. Unfortunately, there is less adequate attention to their long-term upkeep. Both research and practice focus more on design aspects of public spaces and parks than on their management. Realising the importance of management, this research is addressing this recognised gap by providing a comprehensive study of the management process. It draws on previous public spaces and green spaces management literature to define four main management requirements: being responsive to context, setting direction, managing performance and dealing with resources. Guided by the systems approach and sustainability concepts, the management requirements and process are presented in a framework that combines different levels of management with the internal dynamics of the public park. This framework can be a useful tool for researchers, designers, decision-makers and managers.     

Examining the role of business improvement districts (BIDs) as contemporary alternatives for Green Infrastructure funding in London,UK

Sustainable sources of funding for investment in Green Infrastructure have become increasingly difficult to identify due to centralised government financing cuts in the UK. Although local government, as traditional normative funders, have adopted innovative approaches to capital and revenue spending there remains a significant gap in how and what resources are supported. Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) are one set of stakeholders that potentially have a role to play in addressing funding deficits. As subscriber funded organisations, they work at a local level to enhance economic prosperity, as well as delivering socio-cultural and ecological enhancement in identified urban areas. This paper examines the experience of BIDs in London to debate the influences and barriers to their investing in Green Infrastructure. It argues that BIDs can act as critical advocates for Green Infrastructure planning where the latter aligns with local economic objectives. Moreover, we identify spatial variations in the extent to which BIDs in London engage with Green Infrastructure in their documentation and practice, illustrating differences in the perceived value of the concept. We conclude that BIDs hold the potential to facilitate investment in Green Infrastructure due to their position as conduits of business, local government, and community objectives. However, to fully embrace this role balance is needed between the setting of environmental objectives and the need to support local business needs, land ownership issues, and capital/revenue financing considerations.     

论我国生态文明制度体系建设的历史进程与完善路径

党的十八大以来，我国的生态文明制度体系建设愈加注重生态环境治理体系中制度之间的相互联系，呈现出一个紧密关联、相互协调的整体，并且执行力大大提升。根本原因在于这个制度体系是建立在科学理论基础之上。新发展阶段坚持和完善生态文明制度体系，要坚持以习近平生态文明思想为指导，坚持党对生态文明建设的领导；统筹推进实现碳达峰及碳中和目标相关制度建设；推进关键制度的建设和完善。     

吉林省盐碱化耕地治理现状及对策

本文简述了当前吉林省盐碱耕地的分布区域以及治理现状，分析了吉林省盐碱耕地改良治理中存在的问题，针对这些问题提出吉林省盐碱耕地改良治理对策，为今后的改良治理方向和后备耕地开发利用以及农业可持续发展提供了理论依据新思路     

共同富裕视域下我国相对贫困治理机制研究

相比于消除绝对贫困的局部性和紧迫性，相对贫困治理的整体性和长期性特征更为显著。需要将消除相对贫困与缩小居民收入差距相结合，并将其置于推动全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展的伟大征程中，构建具有中国特色的长效治理机制。围绕建立动态识别与监测机制、完善社会化扶贫协同机制与城乡一体化治理机制等构建长效治理机制，在实践中坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，不断丰富贫困治理的具体方式与工具，为最终实现共同富裕奠定坚实的基础。     

健康城市导向下的社区微花园设计治理

随着城市从“增量”到“存量”的转变，城市更新从“大规模”建设转向“小而微”改造，小微空间越来越多地影响大环境网络的舒适度，健康城市思想正逐步融入社区空间组织和生态建设中。以社区微花园更新为基础，健康城市为导向，注重社区居民的公众参与和社区生活圈的完善，其治理内容包括健康文化治理、自然疗愈治理、社会公平治理、社会活力治理等4 方面。研究通过对健康城市导向下的微花园设计治理体系的探索，归纳微花园设计治理如何有效促进我国当前的健康城市建设。     

需求溢出理论视角下社区居家养老服务福利治理研究——基于浙江省LC社区“温暖之家”案例的分析

基于需求溢出理论,以需求类型、治理主体、组织载体、功能路径、资源效用为基本要素构建社区居家养老服务福利治理的分析框架。通过对浙江省案例的分析发现:非营利组织在提供社区居家养老服务方面优势明显;资源效用是决定治理主体及其功能路径差序嵌入的关键因素,资源效用最大化的功能路径混合配比是福利资源整合的最佳途径,根据需求价值优先次序和需求异质性进行福利分置;资源禀赋差异和需求溢出差异决定了"差序化"和"关联性"的协同治理模式;社区居家养老福利治理的关键在于不同治理主体及其功能路径的相互嵌入方式和相关机制的融合创新。     

Urban forest management and governance in Latin America and the Caribbean: A baseline study of stakeholder views

Cities in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region and around the world are setting long-term greening goals that include planting more trees and increasing green cover. Research in LAC cities has mainly focused on biodiversity and vegetation, with little understanding of the mechanisms underlying the decisions through which stakeholders achieve urban greening. Exploring stakeholders’ views about urban forest management and governance can provide us with an opportunity to identify needs and research gaps for urban greening and urban forestry in LAC. To our knowledge, there has never been a region-wide empirical study to capture these stakeholder views. Here we explore how stakeholders working in urban forestry in LAC, including governmental, and non-governmental professionals, define urban forests, and view management and governance issues as well as educational opportunities. We used an online survey based on a combination of open- and closed-ended questions. The survey was delivered to participants at the first two regional conferences on urban forests in LAC organized by the United Nations. We collected 91 responses from stakeholders working in 50 different cities of varying population sizes across 6 LAC bioregions. Most respondents considered parks, planted green corridors, street trees, and remnant forests in urban and peri-urban areas as components of urban forests. Stakeholder views on management and governance were divided in two distinct perspectives, one dominated by public participation issues, and another one related to operational issues. Most respondents considered operational and management tools for urban forests to exist in LAC cities, but they disagreed on the existence of inventories, long-term strategies, and ways for the public to engage in urban forestry. Responses also revealed that some educational opportunities, such as arboricultural certification, are still relatively scarce and in high demand in the region. This study provides a regional baseline and first insights into a more diverse view of urban forestry which could be enriched with more empirical studies in the future.     

Adaptive governance of urban green spaces across Latin America – Insights amid COVID-19

Urban green spaces’ well documented role as a hub for physical and mental health was enhanced by restrictions to mobility issued worldwide as a response to COVID-19. In this context, managers of urban green spaces (UGS) were prompted to provide controlled access under impromptu safety protocols. This unprecedented challenge required planning and operational strengths reflecting flexibility, innovation and learning. These management features are essential for an adaptive governance – an underdeveloped research topic within the study of UGS. Using eighteen semi-structured interviews from six countries, we analyze adaptive governance as reflected by UGS managers’ responses across Latin America – a region where access to UGS is a matter of public health and of environmental justice. We document responses that can be categorized based on the governance arrangement in place. On one hand, both polycentric and dedicated-management governances have been able to learn through piloting ideas, adapting personnel roles and the function of UGS infrastructure, and adjusting their decision-making process. On the other hand, managers within municipal public services areas – the most prevalent governance arrangement across Latin America – report difficulty to adapt – likely due to their dependence on political will, limited autonomy, insufficient budgets, absence of formal paths to self-funding, shortage of technical know-how, and insufficient citizens’ involvement. We discuss implications of UGS adaptive governance in terms of capacity to deal with future public health, climate-related or other types of shocks.     

基于生命周期模型的科技文献数据管理体系研究

[目的/意义]科技文献数据资源具有覆盖广、数量大、类型多、更新快、时效强等特点,为提高科技文献数据管理效果和数据安全,本文基于数据生命周期模型对科技文献管理体系进行研究。[方法/过程]对科技文献管理模式进行探索,基于数据管理流程,构建了科技文献的生命周期体系,并从数据创建、数据存储、数据预处理、数据计算、数据服务、数据归档、数据销毁等7个阶段对数据管理工具和数据管理方法进行阐述。[结果/结论]本文对科瑞唯安核心数据集WOS BP数据进行了基于科技文献生命周期的管理和实践,同时基于DAMA数据质量的6个评估维度对数据管理效果进行综合评价。