Effectiveness of Protected Area Governance in the Conservation of Mt. Marsabit Forest Ecosystem,Kenya

ABSTRACT

Protected area systems (PAs) have the potential to conserve natural resources and provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Establishing and maintaining good governance and associated mechanisms is necessary for adaptive management of PAs. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationships between various stakeholders and the effectiveness of PA governance of Mt. Marsabit forest ecosystem in Kenya. We used social network analysis (SNA) to assess the interactions between actors, and factor analysis to analyze the effectiveness of governance criteria. Governance of Mt. Marsabit forest ecosystem was complex with a multiplicity of stakeholders from diverse interests. Governance was moderately effective (61%) with positive indicators including the regulatory framework, delineation of areas under conservation, and reduction in poaching. The low level of interactions and associations among stakeholders suggest a weakness in the networks that may negatively affect the flow of information and other resources. This weakness was attributed to a lack of institutionalization of the links leading to poor coordination of processes. Local communities were inadequately represented in the governance of this PA despite being important actors. Our study finds that local ownership and strong linkages between actors are important ingredients for effective governance of PAs.     

助力知识产权强国建设的重点关切

[目的/意义]从构建知识产权信息化平台,完善高校复合型知识产权专业人才培养措施,健全海外知识产权保护政策,提升知识产权全链条治理能力,注重知识产权高质量创造,联动知识产权公共服务与市场服务等方面着手,助力知识产权强国建设。[方法/过程]围绕知识产权信息化、人才培养、法律保障、数据赋能、战略和服务等重点关切,访谈领域内专家,共同为知识产权强国建设路径出谋划策。[结果/结论]知识产权强国建设需要多方出力,尤其需要着力构建知识产权一站式服务平台,提高知识产权服务能力;以社会需求为导向,培养复合型知识产权专业人才;关注海外知识产权贸易与纠纷,提高企业知识产权布局与风险应对能力;以数据赋能知识产权高质量发展为导向,提升知识产权治理能力;在国家政策方面落实知识产权高质量发展战略,引领创新主体以发展战略思维来谋划知识产权能力的提升;大力推动各级各类知识产权公共服务机构的建立,提高知识产权服务的覆盖性。     

“党建+”乡村治理模式探析——以Z村为例

乡村是国家治理的基本单元,乡村工作庞杂繁琐。在乡村治理中,基层党组织扮演着不可替代的角色。然而当前乡村社会普遍存在党组织软弱涣散等问题,严重制约乡村治理现代化进程。基于现状考虑,采用实地调研法和非结构式访谈法对 Z村进行调查,个案研究表明,为实现乡村有效治理,村庄应充分发挥党组织引领核心作用,结合村情概况适当压缩治理单元,采用刚性约束与柔性激励相结合的方式,理顺不同治理主体间的关系,形成平稳运行机制,并动员广大群众共同助力乡村可持续发展。     

Challenges for Multilevel Stakeholder Engagement in Public Trust Resource Governance

The trend in wildlife management over the last two decades has been to develop locally based approaches for responsiveness to local conditions, but some state wildlife agencies are finding the amount of staff time required to service this approach prohibitive. Although local engagement strategies have been lauded as assuring that public trust obligations of state government to citizens are met, we can expect that states with a local focus as their operational level of stakeholder engagement may opt to change their approach to reflect their resource limitations. We argue for comprehensive regional level effort to understand stakeholders augmented with local engagement processes where needed to deal with special circumstances in smaller areas within a region. Such an approach can be anticipated to have implications for stakeholder engagement and human dimensions research needs, which we discuss in the context of public trust resource administration and good governance of wildlife resources.     

Introduction of genetic engineering in aquaculture: Ecological and ethical implications for science and governance

Within aquaculture, genetic engineering (GE) is emerging as a powerful method for breeding of fish and shellfish, and for developing alternative sources of feed and vaccines to combat diseases. On the other hand, the use of GE in aquaculture raises ecological, ethical and economic concerns. For instance, genetically modified (GM) feed could be spread to the aquatic environment and consumed by other marine organisms, and horizontal gene transfer may conceivably occur from DNA in feed or vaccines to a recipient genome or by faeces to the environment. Numerous reports have described beneficial effects such as viral disease resistance following DNA vaccination. However, side effects, such as activation of other genes than those which are central in immune defence mechanisms, may occur and warrant further investigations. In order to achieve sustainable introduction of GE, it is crucial that appropriate scientific investigations and ethical considerations are done prior to large-scale introduction of GE products such as DNA/GE vaccines and GM feed in commercial fish farming. This may result in a solid basis for the avoidance of potentially undesirable health and environmental effects. If GE can help make aquaculture a sustainable industry, this opens the possibility of positive market and consumer responses. This can best be achieved by involving the stakeholders from the conceptual stage to the commercial stage by facilitating a transparent process whose purpose is to inform research, to identify decision stakes, and to influence design, adoption and implementation of pro-active policy.     

贵州省石漠化现状及主要治理措施

石漠化是我国贵州喀斯特生态脆弱区所面临的最主要的生态问题之一。参考贵州省已进行的生态系统恢复和石漠化治理经验,综述了近年来该省所建立的石漠化3S监测体系,基于不同喀斯特生态环境所构建的综合治理的模式,所采取的林草、农业、工程等治理技术措施以及所取得的初步成效。     

董事会特征与公司负债水平关系的实证研究——以房地产上市公司为例

董事会是公司内部治理的决策机构,董事会特征影响公司内部治理的资本结构。债务作为资本结构的组成部分,对上市公司的管理者有潜在的制约。因此,采用因子分析以及多元回归的方法,对57家中国房地产上市公司的董事会特征与资本结构选择的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明,董事会规模与负债水平正相关;独立董事占全体董事成员的比例与负债水平正相关;董事激励与负债水平正相关;董事长和总经理两职兼任与负债水平负相关;董事会会议频率与负债水平负相关。     

政治理论视野下的廉洁政府研究

廉洁政府的一般本质是：政府权力主体不滥用公共权力侵害公利以谋取私利的一种社会关系。它有四个基本要素：政府权力主体、不滥用公共权力、维护与实现公利、社会关系。现代政治学理论中与廉政建设有关的政治学理论主要是善治理论和廉政体系理论。国家廉政体系由三部分构成：目标系统、制度系统和价值系统等。明确廉洁政府的构成要素在廉洁政府构建中作用主要表现在：明确廉洁政府建设的方向、步骤和重点。     

探讨“Linux网络服务”实验教学的企业式分组实践

以黑龙江农业职业技术学院为例,根据高职高专院校的教学实际,在＂Linux网络服务＂这本门课程的实验教学过程中采用模拟企业式的分组教学方法进行实践探讨,通过企业式的分组教学,重点培养学生的理论学习能力和动手操作能力。     

基于SVAR模型的货币政策对企业经营影响研究——以工业、房地产业、信息和计算机软件业为例

旨在建立一个运用多维度定量指标判断经理报酬激励强度的评价方法，有利于全面认识各上市公司经理报酬的激励程度。根据评价结果把经理报酬激励强度分为激励不足、适中、过度，并实证研究不同激励强度上市公司治理结构的特征，进而提出改进经理报酬激励公平和效率的有效手段，提高对不同类型企业高管薪酬管理的针对性。