利率市场化背景下银行系统性危机的实证研究

从利率市场化的国际经验来看，无论是在发达国家还是发展中国家，其实施过程都容易导致不同程度的银行业危机。采用1973～2012年42个国家的面板数据，对利率市场化背景下的银行业危机进行的实证研究表明：利率市场化的推进将增加银行系统性危机发生的机率，特别是在存款利率市场化阶段，而严格的银行监管是抑制银行系统危机发生的有效方法；显性存款保险制度的设立无助于利率市场化后银行系统性风险的防范，甚至有可能会增加危机发生的机率；资本账户开放下进行利率市场化会增加银行系统危机发生的机率。利率市场化进程中允许开设民营银行不会增加银行系统危机的发生机率。     

耕地抛荒及其治理——文献述评与研究展望

采用文献分析和比较分析方法,综述耕地抛荒研究进展。结果表明:学界研究主要集中于耕地抛荒状况、形成原因、影响及其治理对策等方面,但对抛荒概念界定、影响结果,产生原因及其影响因素的观点未达成一致。与此同时,部分研究推断全国抛荒形势严峻,并基于抛荒必然威胁粮食安全的惯性思维,提出减少、遏制,乃至消灭抛荒的治理对策。未来还需要检验和修正耕地抛荒评价指标体系,探究抛荒发生规律和驱动机制,检验耕地抛荒的影响结果,并基于分类视野,明确抛荒影响后果,提出更具针对性的抛荒治理对策。     

Has deregulation of non-timber forest product controls and marketing in Orissa state (India) affected local patterns of use and marketing

State control of marketing agricultural or forestry products may lead to a trade monopoly and restricted competition, resulting in inequitable returns to producers. Consequently, market deregulation for agriculture and other natural products has been advocated to improve market efficiencies, participation and returns for the producers and local traders. The study examines the impact of deregulation of state marketing controls on collection, sale and returns to extractors and traders from non-timber forest products. It assessed whether deregulation policy resulted in greater benefits to primary extractors and a win–win situation for both producers and traders? Mixed effects were found, with no significant changes in terms of trade, demand, or quantum of consumption; but there was an overall increase in the procurement price for several products following deregulation. The collection and farm gate price of tree based oilseeds and honey increased due to lower transaction costs, and ease of trading with a continued demand for these products. The impact on less valuable products was insignificant. Abolition of monopolistic trading increased competition and had a pull effect on the local market prices of several NTFPs. Although traders paid a higher price to procure products, overall they also benefited being able to sell the purchased products to merchants and manufacturers at a better margin than previously.     

食品质量安全理论研究述评 ———动力机制、治理模式与演进趋势

现有研究显示公共规制与市场驱力共同构成食品质量安全动力体系,动力源重要性随制度环境与经济因素或主体特性存在差异.政府监管政策、产业格局与产业内上下游关系制约及联结方式、企业规模与生产交易模式等企业属性、消费者需求偏好结构都可能成为食品质量安全风险的诱发源.传统的外部治理模式包括政府集权治理、健全质量安全信号传播机制、提升消费者食品质量安全意识、完善产业链关键控制点体系.产业链纵向一体化治理、经营主体质量安全生产能力与认知、产业私人准则与公共规制混合治理则成为产业组织新视角下食品质量安全前沿理论.最后评价了现有理论解释力问题及其演进趋势.     

境外股东持股对大股东利益侵占约束——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

依据2006~2011年沪深两市上市公司数据,考量不同类型的外资持股对中国上市公司大股东侵占的约束影响。结果表明,外资持股未能有效制约大股东侵占行为,不同性质的境外投资者对抑制大股东侵占的作用存在差异。QFII能够一定程度上抑制大股东对小股东利益的侵占,而银行、保险和证券公司持股均不能对上市公司大股东侵占形成有效监督和制约,不仅未减轻大股东对小股东的利益侵占,反而加重了上市公司大股东和中小股东的利益冲突。     

村镇社区治理信息化技术路径的创新与实践

村镇社区治理信息化的技术路径是将客观世界中的社区治理事务经过专业技术处理转化为计算机化的流程。社区治理与社区信息化是村镇社区治理信息化技术路径创新的“双核”理论基础,村镇社区治理信息化技术路径的创新策略：明晰村镇社区时空特性进行战略规划,以满足村镇社区信息主体需求为主旨进行系统构建,将村镇社区业务流程优化贯彻于系统构建全过程,从细节入手将“人本善治”目标层层落实。“村镇宜居社区公共管理与服务信息化支撑技术集成与示范工程”是以上创新策略的成功实践。     

大数据时代社会治理创新亟需树立四种意识

党的十八届三中全会明确提出:"创新社会治理体制,提高社会治理水平。"大数据时代背景下,树立大数据意识,把握大数据时代的时代特征、技术特征、资源特征和战略特征,对于当下加强社会治理的信息化建设,实现社会治理创新具有十分重要的现实意义。     

经理股票期权激励机制异化探析

美国安然、世通等大公司财务丑闻的爆发 ,使人们对经理股票期权 (ESO)作为一种重要的经理激励机制的有效性产生了怀疑。由于股票期权的滥用、公司治理结构的缺陷、外部监管的不力和法律上的漏洞等因素导致了经理股票期权激励机制的异化 :ESO下经理人报酬对公司股价的过度依赖 ,从而助长了经理人的造假行为、且滋生“合谋”行为 ,以及使公司责任人“虚置”。要解决这些问题 ,需要减轻经理人报酬对公司股价的过份依赖 ,加大造假成本 ,完善会计制度 ,加强审计工作的独立性 ,加强法律监督 ,建立内部约束机制等。     

Maintenance in Irrigation: Multiple Actors, Multiple Contexts, Multiple Strategies

The irrigation sector is facing a serious maintenance crisis.Hydraulic infrastructure in many irrigation schemes, especially in South Asia,much of it constructed in the 1960's and 1970's, is deteriorating rapidly. The usual reaction to the neglect of maintenance has been a pattern of ``build-neglect-rebuild' which, in the wake of widespread budgetary constraints, cannot be an option for the future.The paper starts with the observation of a ``maintenance paradox': while there is general agreement amongst irrigation experts, that deferred maintenance is one of the most important determinants of performance deficits in irrigation,there is a relative lack of attention to the maintenance problem by government officials, irrigation agency staff, farmers and international development agencies. Going beyond the common explanation of ``lack of funds' and the related singular focuson maintenance financing, the paper perceives the low interest in maintenance as a multi-facetted incentive problem effecting most of the actors involved in maintenance provision. When maintenance is defined as a component of infrastructure service provision,the doors open to new insights on motivation and coordination problems in maintenance provision. Drawing on key concepts of the MAINTAIN project, the authors use such insights to put forward essential institutional requirements and basic strategiesthat may lead the way to incentive creation for maintenance and thus help overcomethe maintenance paradox in the irrigation sector.     

Empirical Analysis of Relationship Between Corporate Diversification and Corporate Performance

Based on the relevant literatures from domestic and abroad, the paper empirically tests the relationship between corporate diversification and corporate performance. The results show that there is a negative relationship between diversification and performance in Chinese listed companies, but the significance of relationship is different each year.