饲喂玉米型日粮的生长绵羊限制性氨基酸研究

本实验采用９ 只安装有瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠瘘管的生长羯羊, 采用随机区组试验设计,研究了饲喂以玉米、玉米蛋白粉和青干草为基础日粮的绵羊消化道不同部位营养物质流通量,以及由十二指肠瘘管按“递减法”灌注不同氨基酸［Ａ：减赖氨酸（Ｌｙｓ） ;Ｂ：减蛋氨酸（ Ｍｅｔ） ;Ｃ１ ：全量;Ｄ：减苏氨酸（Ｔｈｒ） ;Ｅ：减组氨酸（Ｈｉｓ） ;Ｃ２ ：全量;Ｆ：减精氨酸（ Ａｒｇ） ;Ｇ：减色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ） ;Ｃ３ ：全量］ 对绵羊体内氮沉积、血浆尿素氮（ＰＵＮ） 、血浆游离氨基酸（ＦＡＡ） 浓度等指标的影响。结果表明：饲喂玉米型日粮的绵羊瘤胃食糜流通速率（ Ｋｐ） 为５ ．０９ ％ ～６ ．１５ ％ ／ ｈ , 进入十二指肠中微生物蛋白占总氮的比例为１７ ．７９ ％ ～３０ ．４３ ％ 。绵羊十二指肠中Ｍｅｔ 、Ｌｙｓ 、Ｈｉｓ 和Ａｒｇ 流量偏低,而Ｌｅｕ 的流量较高。与对照组（Ｃ１ 、Ｃ２ 、Ｃ３） 相比,减少Ｌｙｓ 、Ｍｅｔ 、Ｔｈｒ 、Ｈｉｓ 、Ａｒｇ 和Ｔｒｐ 组的绵羊体内沉积氮（ｇ／ ｋｇ Ｗ０ ．７５） 分别下降２３ ．５０ ％ 、４６ ．６７ ％ 、２８ ．６６ ％ 、１５ ．００ ％ 、１７ ．３３ ％ 和１５ ．８９ ％ ;日增重分别下降３７ ．０４ ％ 、５３ ．１７ ％     

用热水解法制备不同分子质量丝胶粉的溶解性差异及其成因探讨

用沸水法和高温高压热水法提取丝胶溶液,分别在90℃热水中进行二次降解处理,获得具有不同分子质量分布范围的各种热水解丝胶溶液,经冷冻干燥制成丝胶粉。对各种丝胶粉的热水溶解性差异比较和成因探讨表明,热水二次降解能够提高丝胶的水溶性,降解处理时间越长,其水溶性越大;丝胶的分子质量大小能显著影响其溶解性,而丝胶的结晶结构含量对其溶解性的影响较小。研究结果有助于对不同溶解性丝胶的有效利用。     

CANALOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE EXTERNAL EAR CANAL IN DOGS

Canalography was performed to measure the diameter of the horizontal ear canal and to assess the clinical relevance of the measurements in identifying abnormalities of the ear canal. The diameter of the proximal and distal end of the annular cartilage in the horizontal ear canal was measured using canalography in 222 ears. The tympanic membrane could not be visualized with otoscopic examination in 70 ears even after ear cleansing. These canals were classified as being stenotic. The diameter of the proximal annular cartilage in the stenotic canals ranged from 0.8 to 3.1 mm (mean = 2.6 +/- 0.8 mm). The proximal annular cartilage was consistently smaller in diameter than the distal annular cartilage. The ratio between the diameter of the proximal and distal annular cartilage varied between dogs. In stenotic ear canals (70 ears) the ratio was less than 0.65. Total ear canal ablations and histopathological analysis were performed in 70 ear canals classified as stenotic after canalography. Hyperplasia of the epidermal layer was found in 56 stenotic canals. Stenosis of the canal due to otitis externa was found in the other 14 canals. Three canals with severe otitis externa were also diagnosed with canalography as having a ruptured tympanic membrane. The results suggest that canalography can be used to measure the diameter of the horizontal ear canal and to assess whether or not the tympanic membrane is ruptured prior to conservative or surgical therapy.     

美系短角肉种牛生长发育性能测定

[目的]为了确保美系短角牛选育及推广利用工作顺利进行。[方法]对云南省种羊场扩繁选育的全日制放牧条件下短角牛进行体重、体尺测定。采用牛体重、体尺测定的常规方法,分别测定初生、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄、36月龄和成年等不同发育阶段公母牛的体重和体尺。[结果]短角牛种公牛有两个增重高峰,分别是从初生到6月龄和从36月龄到成年;而短角牛母牛的增重从初生到12月龄增重为最快,以后的增重速度变慢。成年公牛体重821.56±62.67kg,体高143.44±5.00cm,体斜长172.89±7.85cm,胸围207.50±7.98cm;母牛分别为543.14±45.20kg,135.34±4.56cm,160.59±7.90cm和187.96±7.20cm。[结论]美系短角牛在云南省种羊场生长发育良好,具备了一定的供种能力。     

Improvement of the emulsifying properties of porcine sarcoplasmic proteins with a low-molecular weight surfactant by the two-step emulsification method

The emulsifying properties of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) with or without low-molecular weight surfactants were examined. The emulsifying activity (EA) of SP was weaker than that of sodium caseinate (CA), blood plasma (BP) and whey protein isolates at a protein concentration of 0.5–3%. Sodium chloride decreased the EA of SP. The EA of SP was about one quarter that of CA in the presence of 3% sodium chloride. As homogenization time increased, the EAs of SP and BP decreased. The EA of SP was not influenced by sucrose stearate ester (SE) with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 16 (SE-16) but was decreased by those with HLB values of 5 and 1. Low-molecular weight surfactants such as SE-16, Tween 80 and sodium cholate improved the EA of SP with the two-step emulsification method: corn oil was previously emulsified with the surfactant before addition of SP and homogenization. In the case of the addition of SE-16 as primary emulsifier, the EA was about twice as high as that of SP alone. The same effect was shown in the emulsions formed by CA and soy protein isolate. These results indicate that the emulsifying properties of meat protein would be improved by the addition of a low-molecular weight surfactant in a two-step emulsification.     

添加菜籽壳对甜玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响

试验旨在探究添加菜籽壳后对甜玉米秸秆青贮发酵品质的影响.甜玉米秸秆青贮时分别添加0(对照组)、5％、10％和20％的菜籽壳,每个混合比例分为植物乳杆菌添加组和不添加组.青贮45 d,测定甜玉米秸秆的化学成分和发酵品质.结果 显示,与对照组相比,添加5％菜籽壳的甜玉米秸秆青贮的干物质含量和乳酸菌数量显著提高(P＜0.05...     

不同饲料对甘南牦牛暖季补饲育肥效果研究试验

甘南牦牛传统放牧生产模式使牦牛生产存在周期长、收益低、草场压力大等问题,而“国家”、“地方”和“牧民”对草地生态保护、经济发展、增加收入的迫切需求,使得高生产效率已成为牦牛发展的迫切需要。[目的]为提高牦牛暖季育肥效果,[方法]本试验利用不同饲料对牦牛进行暖季补饲育肥,筛选适合甘南牧区最佳育肥方式,为牦牛高质量发展提供技术支持和理论指导。[结果]试验结果表明,采用蒸汽压片玉米+放牧补饲育肥组试验末总增重分别比苜蓿颗粒+放牧和纯放牧的方式分别提高了32.46%,20.97%,经济效益分别比以上两组提高了23.21%,13.55%。[结论]因此,蒸汽压片玉米+放牧暖季补饲育肥方式组适合在广大牧区甘南牦牛生产中推广适用。     

硒都黑猪体重与体尺指标的通径分析及最优回归模型的建立

为了探讨硒都黑猪体重与体尺指标的相关性,研究体尺指标对体重的直接和间接作用,构建体重与体尺的最优回归模型,试验选取190日龄硒都黑猪167头,测量体重(Y)与体高(X1)、体长(X2)、胸围(X3)、腹围(X4)、臀长(X5)、臀宽(X6)、臀围(X7)等各项体尺指标,并进行相关性分析、通径分析、逐步线性回归分析.结果...     

甘肃黄鸡早期生长发育规律的分析

为探讨甘肃黄鸡的育效果及其利用价值，对甘肃黄鸡早期生长发育规律进行了系统测定。结果表明，甘肃黄鸡体重达２．０kg的日龄平均为８７．５d（公鸡７７d，母鸡９８d)，全期饲料转化比为２．９３，成活率较高达９４．０％，甘肃黄鸡９周龄时体重接近１．５kg,有一定的市场意义，可以考虑及早上市；对甘肃黄鸡体重进行选择时，应同时注意对胫长的适当控制。     

撒坝猪部分生长发育性状的典型相关分析

采用SAS统计分析系统对577头撒坝猪的3个体重性状和5个体尺性状进行了典型相关分析.结果表明,体重与体尺性状的第一、第二典型相关系数达到了显著水平(P＜0.01),分别为0.9532和0.3044,占总相关的99.97%.体重性状与体尺性状间的相关主要是由于4月龄体重、6月龄体重与6月龄胸围、6月龄腿围的相关引起的.在达到显著水平的两对典型变量中,体重性状的两个典型变量对6月龄体长、胸围和腿围的预测能力较强,体尺性状的两个典型变量对4月龄体重和6月龄体重的预测能力较强,在实际育种中,选择体尺性状可同时达到提高体重性状之目的.